摘 要
奶牛乳房炎是影响奶牛养殖业健康发展的主要疾病之一，其病原菌种类繁多且易产生耐药性，因此对其进行系统监测与综合防控具有重要意义。本研究旨在通过分析奶牛乳房炎的主要病原菌分布特征及其耐药性规律，建立科学有效的防控体系。研究采用细菌分离培养、分子生物学鉴定及药敏试验等方法，对不同地区奶牛场的乳房炎样本进行检测，并结合流行病学数据构建风险评估模型。结果显示，金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌为优势病原菌，且部分菌株表现出多重耐药特性；同时，环境因素和管理措施显著影响病原菌的传播与感染率。基于此，本研究提出以精准用药为核心的综合防控策略，包括优化饲养管理、加强卫生消毒以及实施疫苗免疫等措施。该研究创新性地将病原菌监测与防控措施有机结合，为降低奶牛乳房炎发病率提供了理论依据和技术支持，对提升奶牛养殖业经济效益和保障乳品安全具有重要价值。
关键词：奶牛乳房炎；病原菌分布；耐药性规律；综合防控策略；风险评估模型
Pathogen Monitoring and Integrated Control of Bovine Mastitis
ABSTRACT
Bovine mastitis is one of the major diseases affecting the healthy development of the dairy cattle industry, characterized by a wide variety of pathogens that are prone to developing antibiotic resistance. Therefore, systematic monitoring and comprehensive prevention and control of this disease are of great significance. This study aims to analyze the distribution characteristics of the main pathogens causing bovine mastitis and their patterns of antibiotic resistance, thereby establishing a scientific and effective prevention and control system. Bacterial isolation and culture, molecular biological identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were employed to detect mastitis samples from dairy farms in different regions, while an epidemiological risk assessment model was constructed by integrating relevant data. The results indicate that Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are predominant pathogens, with some strains exhibiting multidrug-resistant properties. Additionally, environmental factors and management practices significantly influence the transmission and infection rates of these pathogens. Based on these findings, this study proposes a comprehensive prevention and control strategy centered on precise medication use, which includes optimizing feeding management, enhancing hygiene disinfection, and implementing vaccine immunization. Innovatively combining pathogen surveillance with targeted control measures, this research provides theoretical support and technical guidance for reducing the incidence of bovine mastitis, thus contributing significantly to improving the economic benefits of the dairy cattle industry and ensuring dairy product safety.
KEY WORDS：Bovine Mastitis；Pathogen Distribution；Antibiotic Resistance Patterns；Integrated Control Strategies；Risk Assessment Model
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 奶牛乳房炎研究背景与意义 1
1.2 病原菌监测与防控的研究现状 1
1.3 本文研究方法与技术路线 1
第二章 病原菌监测技术与应用 2
2.1 病原菌种类与分布特征 2
2.2 监测技术的优化与改进 2
2.3 数据分析与结果解读 3
第三章 乳房炎综合防控策略 3
3.1 防控体系的构建与实施 3
3.2 关键环节的控制措施 4
3.3 实践效果评估与反馈 4
第四章 案例分析与经验总结 5
4.1 典型牧场的防控实践 5
4.2 成功经验与失败教训 5
4.3 改进方向与未来展望 6
结 论 6
参考文献 7
致 谢 8
