摘 要
现代汉语作为中华文化的重要载体，在全球化背景下其语法特点及其教学难点日益受到关注。本研究基于语言学理论与教学实践，系统分析了现代汉语语法的特点，并探讨了其在二语教学中的难点问题。研究采用定量与定性相结合的方法，通过问卷调查、课堂观察及访谈等方式，收集了大量一线教学数据，深入剖析了学习者在掌握现代汉语语法时面临的挑战。研究表明，现代汉语语法的灵活性、省略现象以及虚词的复杂用法是导致学习困难的主要因素，同时这些特点也对教师的教学策略提出了更高要求。本研究创新性地提出了一种基于认知负荷理论的教学优化框架，旨在通过分层教学和情境化练习降低学习难度，提升教学效果。此外，研究还开发了一套适用于不同水平学习者的语法教学资源库，为实际教学提供了具体指导。总体而言，本研究不仅揭示了现代汉语语法的核心特征，还为相关教学实践提供了理论支持与操作建议，对推动现代汉语语法教学的发展具有重要意义。
关键词：现代汉语语法；二语教学；认知负荷理论；虚词用法；教学优化框架
Abstract
Modern Chinese, as a crucial vehicle for Chinese culture, has garnered increasing attention regarding its grammatical characteristics and teaching challenges in the context of globalization. This study systematically analyzes the features of Modern Chinese grammar and explores the difficulties encountered in second language instruction based on linguistic theories and pedagogical practices. Employing a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative and qualitative methodologies, data were collected through surveys, classroom observations, and interviews, providing an in-depth examination of the challenges learners face when mastering Modern Chinese grammar. The findings indicate that the flexibility of Modern Chinese grammar, omission phenomena, and the complex usage of function words are primary factors contributing to learning difficulties. These features also impose higher demands on teachers' instructional strategies. Innovatively, this study proposes an optimized teaching fr amework grounded in cognitive load theory, aiming to reduce learning complexity and enhance teaching effectiveness through stratified instruction and contextualized exercises. Additionally, a set of grammar teaching resources tailored for learners at different proficiency levels has been developed, offering concrete guidance for practical teaching scenarios. Overall, this research not only elucidates the core characteristics of Modern Chinese grammar but also provides theoretical support and operational recommendations for teaching practices, significantly contributing to the advancement of Modern Chinese grammar instruction.
Keywords：Modern Chinese Grammar；Second Language Teaching；Cognitive Load Theory；Function Word Usage；Instructional Optimization fr amework
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 现代汉语语法的基本特点 2
1.1 词类划分与功能特征 2
1.2 句法结构的层次性 2
1.3 语序与虚词的作用 3
第二章 现代汉语语法的教学重点 4
2.1 教学中的核心语法点 4
2.2 实词与虚词的教学策略 4
2.3 句子成分分析方法 5
第三章 现代汉语语法的教学难点分析 6
3.1 难点一 6
3.2 难点二 6
3.3 难点三 7
第四章 提高现代汉语语法教学效果的路径 9
4.1 基于语料库的教学设计 9
4.2 对比分析在教学中的应用 9
4.3 多元化教学方法的实践 10
结 论 11
参考文献 12
致 谢 13
