摘 要
鲁迅与钱钟书作为中国现代文学史上的两位杰出作家，其讽刺艺术具有独特价值。研究背景在于二者所处时代虽有差异但均面临社会变革与思想启蒙需求，对旧制度、旧文化的批判成为创作的重要主题。本研究旨在深入剖析鲁迅与钱钟书讽刺艺术的异同，通过对比二人在讽刺对象、手法、风格及背后的文化内涵等方面的特征，揭示不同历史语境下讽刺文学的发展脉络及其对后世的影响。采用文本细读法，选取二者的代表性作品进行微观分析，同时结合社会历史批评方法考察作品产生的社会文化背景。研究发现，鲁迅的讽刺多源于对国民劣根性的深刻洞察，以冷峻犀利的笔触直击时弊，充满救亡图存的责任感；钱钟书则擅长运用机智幽默的语言，在知识阶层中展开温和而富有哲理的讽刺，体现出对人性复杂性的思考。结论表明，尽管两者在讽刺力度与方式上存在区别，但都达到了揭露现实、启迪民智的目的，为中国现代讽刺文学树立了典范，创新点在于从跨学科视角将讽刺艺术置于更广阔的社会文化体系中考察，为理解两位作家提供了新思路，主要贡献是丰富了中国现代文学的研究维度并为当代讽刺文学创作提供了理论借鉴。
关键词：鲁迅；钱钟书；讽刺艺术
Abstract
Lu Xun and Qian Zhongshu, as two outstanding writers in the history of modern Chinese literature, possess unique value in their satirical art. The research context lies in the fact that, despite differences in their respective eras, both faced societal transformations and the need for ideological enlightenment, with criticism of old systems and outdated cultures becoming a central theme in their creations. This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the similarities and differences in the satirical art of Lu Xun and Qian Zhongshu by comparing characteristics in their satirical targets, techniques, styles, and underlying cultural connotations, thereby revealing the developmental trajectory of satirical literature under different historical contexts and its influence on later generations. Through close reading methodology, representative works of both authors are selected for micro-level analysis, while social-historical criticism methods are employed to examine the socio-cultural backgrounds of these works. The findings indicate that Lu Xun's satire often stems from profound insights into the weaknesses of the national character, using sharp and incisive writing to directly address contemporary issues, imbued with a strong sense of responsibility for national salvation. In contrast, Qian Zhongshu excels in employing witty and humorous language to conduct gentle yet philosophical satire within intellectual circles, reflecting contemplation on the complexity of human nature. The conclusion demonstrates that, despite distinctions in the intensity and approach of their satire, both achieve the goals of exposing reality and enlightening the populace, establishing benchmarks for modern Chinese satirical literature. The innovation of this study lies in examining satirical art from an interdisciplinary perspective, situating it within a broader socio-cultural fr amework, thus providing new insights into understanding these two writers. Its main contribution is enriching the research dimensions of modern Chinese literature and offering theoretical references for contemporary satirical literary creation.
Keywords：Lu Xun；Qian Zhongshu；Satirical Art
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 讽刺艺术的理论基础 2
1.1 讽刺艺术的定义与范畴 2
1.2 鲁迅讽刺艺术的理论渊源 2
1.3 钱钟书讽刺艺术的理论渊源 3
第二章 讽刺手法的比较分析 4
2.1 讽刺对象的选择差异 4
2.2 讽刺语言的运用特点 4
2.3 讽刺情节的设计方式 5
第三章 社会批判的深度对比 6
3.1 对封建礼教的批判力度 6
3.2 对国民劣根性的揭露 6
3.3 对社会现实的反思角度 7
第四章 讽刺效果与影响研究 8
4.1 读者接受度的差异分析 8
4.2 文学史地位的评价比较 8
4.3 现代意义与启示探讨 9
结 论 10
参考文献 11
致 谢 12
