摘 要
鲁迅小说中的讽刺艺术是中国现代文学研究的重要课题。在社会变革与文化转型的背景下，鲁迅以犀利的笔触揭示国民劣根性，其讽刺艺术具有独特价值。本研究旨在深入探讨鲁迅小说中讽刺艺术的表现形式、内涵及其美学特征，通过文本细读与比较分析相结合的方法，系统梳理鲁迅讽刺手法的演变过程。研究发现，鲁迅善于运用白描、反讽、象征等技巧，将深刻的思想寓于生动的形象之中，使读者在会心一笑中领悟作品的深层意蕴。通过对《狂人日记》《阿Q正传》《孔乙己》等代表性作品的剖析，揭示了鲁迅如何借助讽刺揭露社会弊病、批判封建礼教、唤醒民众意识。本研究创新性地从叙事学视角切入，考察鲁迅讽刺艺术与叙事结构之间的内在联系，提出“讽刺叙事”的概念，丰富了鲁迅研究的理论框架。研究结论表明，鲁迅的讽刺艺术不仅具有鲜明的时代特征，更蕴含着超越时空的人文关怀，为后世作家提供了宝贵的艺术借鉴，对中国现代文学的发展产生了深远影响。
关键词：鲁迅小说；讽刺艺术；叙事学；批判现实主义；人文关怀
Abstract
Lu Xun's satirical art in his novels is an important subject in the study of modern Chinese literature. Against the backdrop of social transformation and cultural transition, Lu Xun sharply exposed the deep-rooted flaws of the national character through his incisive writing, endowing his satirical art with distinctive value. This study aims to explore the forms of ex pression, connotations, and aesthetic characteristics of satirical art in Lu Xun's novels by combining close reading of texts with comparative analysis, systematically tracing the evolution of his satirical techniques. The findings reveal that Lu Xun skillfully employed methods such as plain desc ription, irony, and symbolism to embed profound ideas within vivid imagery, enabling readers to grasp the deeper implications of his works through moments of insightful humor. Through an analysis of representative works like A Madman’s Diary, The True Story of Ah Q, and Kong Yiji, this study uncovers how Lu Xun utilized satire to expose societal ills, criticize feudal rites, and awaken public consciousness. Innovatively approaching the topic from a narratological perspective, this research examines the intrinsic connection between Lu Xun's satirical art and narrative structure, proposing the concept of "satirical narration" to enrich the theoretical fr amework of Lu Xun studies. The conclusion indicates that Lu Xun's satirical art not only reflects the distinct features of its time but also embodies a transcendent humanistic concern, offering valuable artistic inspiration for future writers and exerting a profound influence on the development of modern Chinese literature.
Keywords：Lu Xun Novels；Satirical Art；Narratology；Critical Realism；Humanistic Care
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 鲁迅讽刺艺术的理论基础 2
1.1 鲁迅讽刺观的形成背景 2
1.2 讽刺与批判现实主义的关系 2
1.3 鲁迅讽刺艺术的独特性 3
第二章 鲁迅小说中的人物讽刺 4
2.1 人物形象的夸张塑造 4
2.2 旧式文人的讽刺刻画 4
2.3 民众愚昧的深刻揭露 5
第三章 鲁迅小说中的语言讽刺 6
3.1 冷峻幽默的语言风格 6
3.2 反语与悖论的巧妙运用 6
3.3 方言俚语的讽刺效果 7
第四章 鲁迅讽刺艺术的社会意义 8
4.1 对封建礼教的辛辣批判 8
4.2 启蒙思想的传播途径 8
4.3 现代文学史上的地位 9
结 论 10
参考文献 11
致 谢 12
