摘 要
古代汉语音韵作为中华文化的重要组成部分，承载了丰富的历史语言信息。本研究以古代汉语音韵与现代普通话语音的对比为核心，旨在探讨两者在声母、韵母及声调系统上的演变规律及其内在联系。通过对《切韵》《广韵》等传统音韵学文献的深入分析，并结合现代语音学实验技术，构建了从古代汉语到现代普通话的语音演变模型。研究发现，古代汉语的复辅音声母逐渐简化为单辅音，入声韵部在现代普通话中完全消失，而声调则经历了复杂的分化与合并过程。此外，本研究首次将计算机语音合成技术应用于历史音韵重建，实现了对古代汉语语音的数字化模拟，为音韵学研究提供了新方法。研究表明，尽管古今汉语语音存在显著差异，但其演变路径具有较强的系统性和规律性。这一成果不仅深化了对汉语语音发展史的理解，还为语言教学、语音技术开发及相关跨学科研究奠定了理论基础。
关键词：古代汉语音韵；语音演变模型；声母简化；入声消失；声调分化合并
Abstract
Ancient Chinese phonology, as an integral part of Chinese culture, carries abundant historical and linguistic information. This study focuses on the comparison between ancient Chinese phonology and modern Mandarin pronunciation, aiming to explore the evolutionary patterns and intrinsic connections in terms of initial consonants, final vowels, and tone systems. Through an in-depth analysis of traditional phonological texts such as "Qieyun" and "Guangyun," combined with modern phonetic experimental techniques, a phonetic evolution model from ancient Chinese to modern Mandarin has been constructed. The findings indicate that complex consonant initials in ancient Chinese gradually simplified into single consonants, while the checked tones disappeared entirely in modern Mandarin. Tones underwent a complex process of differentiation and merger. Furthermore, this study is the first to apply computer-based speech synthesis technology to the reconstruction of historical phonology, achieving digital simulation of ancient Chinese pronunciation and providing new methodologies for phonological research. The results demonstrate that, despite significant differences between ancient and modern Chinese phonetics, the evolutionary trajectory exhibits strong systematicity and regularity. This achievement not only deepens the understanding of the history of Chinese phonetic development but also lays a theoretical foundation for language education, speech technology development, and related interdisciplinary studies.
Keywords：Ancient Chinese Phonology；Sound Evolution Model；Initial Simplification；Checked Syllables Disappearance；Tone Differentiation And Merger
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 古代汉语与普通话音韵基础 2
1.1 音韵学基本概念 2
1.2 古代汉语语音系统 2
1.3 现代普通话语音系统 3
第二章 声母对比研究 4
2.1 古代汉语声母特征 4
2.2 普通话声母演变 4
2.3 声母对应规律分析 5
第三章 韵母对比研究 7
3.1 古代汉语韵母结构 7
3.2 普通话韵母发展 7
3.3 韵母变化规律探讨 8
第四章 声调对比研究 10
4.1 古代汉语声调特点 10
4.2 普通话声调系统 10
4.3 声调演变过程分析 11
结 论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
