摘 要
鲁迅小说中的讽刺艺术是中国现代文学研究的重要课题。在社会变革与文化转型的背景下，鲁迅以犀利的笔触揭露国民劣根性，其讽刺艺术具有独特价值。本研究旨在深入剖析鲁迅小说中讽刺手法的运用及其思想内涵，通过文本细读、比较分析等方法，系统梳理鲁迅讽刺艺术的形成与发展脉络。研究发现，鲁迅善于运用白描、夸张、反讽等技巧，将深刻的社会批判融入简洁的文字之中，如《阿Q正传》中对精神胜利法的刻画，《孔乙己》里对科举制度下知识分子的描写，均展现出高超的艺术水准。创新之处在于从心理学和社会学视角解读鲁迅讽刺艺术背后的文化成因，揭示其作品不仅是个人创作，更是时代精神的写照。通过对鲁迅讽刺艺术的探讨，不仅丰富了中国现代文学的研究维度，也为当代文学创作提供了宝贵借鉴，彰显出鲁迅作品超越时空的永恒价值。
关键词：鲁迅小说；讽刺艺术；国民劣根性；文化成因；社会批判
Abstract
Lu Xun's satirical art in his novels is a significant subject in the study of modern Chinese literature. Against the backdrop of social transformation and cultural transition, Lu Xun employed his incisive pen to expose the deep-rooted flaws of the national character, endowing his satirical art with unique value. This research aims to thoroughly analyze the application of satirical techniques and their ideological implications in Lu Xun's novels by employing methods such as close reading and comparative analysis, systematically tracing the formation and development of his satirical artistry. The findings indicate that Lu Xun skillfully utilized techniques like plain desc ription, exaggeration, and irony to integrate profound social criticism into concise language. For instance, his portrayal of the mental victory method in "The True Story of Ah Q" and his depiction of intellectuals under the imperial examination system in "Kong Yiji" both exemplify his remarkable artistic proficiency. An innovative aspect of this study lies in interpreting the cultural causes behind Lu Xun's satirical art from psychological and sociological perspectives, revealing that his works are not merely personal creations but also reflections of the spirit of the times. Through an exploration of Lu Xun's satirical art, this research not only enriches the dimensions of modern Chinese literary studies but also provides valuable insights for contemporary literary creation, highlighting the timeless significance of Lu Xun's works that transcends temporal and spatial boundaries.
Keywords：Lu Xun Novel；Satirical Art；National Inferiority；Cultural Causes；Social Criticism
目 录
引 言 1
第一章 鲁迅小说讽刺艺术的理论基础 2
1.1 讽刺艺术的定义与内涵 2
1.2 鲁迅创作的时代背景 2
1.3 鲁迅讽刺艺术的思想源泉 3
第二章 鲁迅小说讽刺手法的运用 4
2.1 语言层面的讽刺技巧 4
2.2 情节设置中的讽刺意味 4
2.3 人物塑造的讽刺性 5
第三章 鲁迅小说讽刺对象的剖析 6
3.1 封建礼教的批判 6
3.2 国民劣根性的揭露 6
3.3 社会现象的针砭 7
第四章 鲁迅小说讽刺艺术的影响与价值 8
4.1 对当时社会的冲击 8
4.2 对后世文学的启示 8
4.3 讽刺艺术的永恒魅力 9
结 论 10
参考文献 11
致 谢 12
