摘 要
《儒林外史》作为中国古典讽刺小说的巅峰之作，其深刻的讽刺艺术和社会批判意义长期以来受到学界关注。本研究以吴敬梓的《儒林外史》为对象，探讨其在讽刺艺术上的独特表现形式及其对封建社会的深刻批判。研究旨在通过文本细读与历史语境分析相结合的方法，揭示作品中讽刺手法的多样性及其对社会问题的多层次反思。通过对书中典型人物形象、情节设计及语言风格的剖析，发现作者不仅运用夸张、对比和反讽等传统手法，还创造性地融入了隐喻和象征，从而增强了讽刺效果并深化了社会批判力度。研究结果表明，《儒林外史》通过细腻入微的描写和复杂多维的叙事结构，成功揭露了科举制度的弊端、士人阶层的精神困境以及社会伦理的虚伪性。本文的创新点在于将讽刺艺术置于具体的社会历史背景中进行动态考察，并结合现代文学理论重新阐释其深层意蕴。这一研究不仅丰富了对《儒林外史》的艺术价值理解，也为探讨中国传统讽刺文学的现代意义提供了新的视角和方法论支持。
关键词：儒林外史；讽刺艺术；封建社会批判；科举制度弊端；士人精神困境
Abstract
Jinling Externa, as the pinnacle of classical Chinese satirical fiction, has long been recognized for its profound satirical artistry and social critique. This study examines Wu Jingzi’s Jinling Externa, focusing on its distinctive forms of satirical ex pression and its incisive criticism of feudal society. By combining close textual reading with historical contextual analysis, the study reveals the diversity of satirical techniques employed in the work and its multi-layered reflection on social issues. Through an analysis of representative character portrayals, narrative structures, and linguistic styles, it is evident that the author not only utilizes traditional methods such as exaggeration, contrast, and irony but also innovatively incorporates me taphor and symbolism, thereby enhancing the satirical effect and deepening the critique of societal norms. The findings indicate that Jinling Externa successfully exposes the flaws of the imperial examination system, the spiritual dilemmas of the literati class, and the hypocrisy of social ethics through meticulous depiction and a complex, multidimensional narrative fr amework. A key contribution of this research lies in dynamically examining the satirical art within its specific socio-historical context and reinterpreting its deeper implications through modern literary theory. This approach not only enriches the understanding of the artistic value of Jinling Externa but also provides new perspectives and methodological support for exploring the contemporary significance of traditional Chinese satirical literature.
Keywords：Rulin Wai Shi；Satirical Art；Critique Of Feudal Society；Drawbacks Of Imperial Examination System；Intellectuals' Spiritual Dilemma
目 录
第一章 引言 1
第二章 儒林外史的讽刺手法分析 2
2.1 反讽语言的艺术表现 2
2.2 情节设计中的讽刺策略 2
2.3 人物刻画的讽刺性特征 3
第三章 社会批判的主题呈现 5
3.1 科举制度的深刻揭露 5
3.2 官场腐败的辛辣讽刺 5
3.3 儒生形象的社会批判 6
第四章 讽刺艺术与社会批判的互动关系 8
4.1 讽刺艺术对社会批判的强化作用 8
4.2 社会批判对讽刺艺术的支撑功能 8
4.3 讽刺与批判在作品中的统一性 9
结 论 11
参考文献 12
致 谢 13
