摘要
《民法典》的颁布实施标志着我国民事法律体系进入新阶段，其中监护制度作为保护无民事行为能力人和限制民事行为能力人权益的重要机制，在实践中面临诸多现实困境。本研究旨在深入剖析现行监护制度存在的问题并探索优化路径，以期为完善相关立法提供理论支持。通过对国内外监护制度文献的系统梳理、典型案例分析以及对司法实务工作者的访谈，发现当前监护制度存在监护资格认定标准模糊、监护监督机制不健全、意定监护适用范围有限等问题。针对上述问题，提出构建多元化的监护资格评估体系，明确监护监督主体及其职责，扩大意定监护适用对象范围等优化建议。本研究创新性地将比较法视角与本土实践相结合，从理论上丰富了监护制度的研究内容，从实践上为解决监护制度面临的现实困境提供了可操作性强的解决方案，有助于推动我国监护制度向更加科学合理的方向发展，更好地保障被监护人的合法权益。
关键词：民法典；监护制度；监护资格认定
Abstract
The promulgation and implementation of the Civil Code marks a new phase in China’s civil legal system, wherein the guardianship system, as a crucial mechanism for protecting the rights and interests of individuals with no or limited civil capacity, faces numerous practical challenges. This study aims to thoroughly analyze existing issues within the current guardianship system and explore optimization pathways to provide theoretical support for improving relevant legislation. By systematically reviewing domestic and international literature on guardianship systems, analyzing typical cases, and conducting interviews with judicial practitioners, it is found that the current guardianship system suffers from ambiguous criteria for determining guardianship qualifications, an underdeveloped supervision mechanism, and limited application scope of statutory guardianship. In response to these issues, this study proposes establishing a diversified guardianship qualification evaluation system, clarifying the supervisory entities and their responsibilities, and expanding the scope of statutory guardianship applicability. Innovatively combining comparative law perspectives with local practices, this research enriches the theoretical content of guardianship studies and provides highly operational solutions to address the practical challenges faced by the guardianship system. This contributes to advancing China’s guardianship system towards a more scientific and rational direction, thereby better safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the wards.
Keywords：Civil Code; Guardianship System; Recognition Of Guardianship Qualification
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 民法典监护制度研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外监护制度研究现状分析 1
(三) 本文研究方法与理论框架 2
二、民法典监护制度的现实困境 2
(一) 监护资格认定标准的模糊性问题 2
(二) 监护职责履行中的法律保障不足 3
(三) 特殊群体监护需求的制度缺失分析 3
(四) 监护监督机制的运行缺陷探讨 4
三、监护制度优化的理论基础与实践需求 4
(一) 现代监护理念对制度优化的影响 4
(二) 国际监护制度经验的借鉴与启示 5
(三) 我国社会变迁对监护制度的新要求 6
(四) 优化监护制度的伦理与法律平衡 6
四、民法典监护制度的优化路径探索 7
(一) 完善监护资格认定的具体规则 7
(二) 强化监护职责履行的法律支撑体系 8
(三) 构建特殊群体监护的多元化模式 8
(四) 建立健全监护监督与责任追究机制 9
结 论 10
参考文献 11
《民法典》的颁布实施标志着我国民事法律体系进入新阶段，其中监护制度作为保护无民事行为能力人和限制民事行为能力人权益的重要机制，在实践中面临诸多现实困境。本研究旨在深入剖析现行监护制度存在的问题并探索优化路径，以期为完善相关立法提供理论支持。通过对国内外监护制度文献的系统梳理、典型案例分析以及对司法实务工作者的访谈，发现当前监护制度存在监护资格认定标准模糊、监护监督机制不健全、意定监护适用范围有限等问题。针对上述问题，提出构建多元化的监护资格评估体系，明确监护监督主体及其职责，扩大意定监护适用对象范围等优化建议。本研究创新性地将比较法视角与本土实践相结合，从理论上丰富了监护制度的研究内容，从实践上为解决监护制度面临的现实困境提供了可操作性强的解决方案，有助于推动我国监护制度向更加科学合理的方向发展，更好地保障被监护人的合法权益。
关键词：民法典；监护制度；监护资格认定
Abstract
The promulgation and implementation of the Civil Code marks a new phase in China’s civil legal system, wherein the guardianship system, as a crucial mechanism for protecting the rights and interests of individuals with no or limited civil capacity, faces numerous practical challenges. This study aims to thoroughly analyze existing issues within the current guardianship system and explore optimization pathways to provide theoretical support for improving relevant legislation. By systematically reviewing domestic and international literature on guardianship systems, analyzing typical cases, and conducting interviews with judicial practitioners, it is found that the current guardianship system suffers from ambiguous criteria for determining guardianship qualifications, an underdeveloped supervision mechanism, and limited application scope of statutory guardianship. In response to these issues, this study proposes establishing a diversified guardianship qualification evaluation system, clarifying the supervisory entities and their responsibilities, and expanding the scope of statutory guardianship applicability. Innovatively combining comparative law perspectives with local practices, this research enriches the theoretical content of guardianship studies and provides highly operational solutions to address the practical challenges faced by the guardianship system. This contributes to advancing China’s guardianship system towards a more scientific and rational direction, thereby better safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the wards.
Keywords：Civil Code; Guardianship System; Recognition Of Guardianship Qualification
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 民法典监护制度研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外监护制度研究现状分析 1
(三) 本文研究方法与理论框架 2
二、民法典监护制度的现实困境 2
(一) 监护资格认定标准的模糊性问题 2
(二) 监护职责履行中的法律保障不足 3
(三) 特殊群体监护需求的制度缺失分析 3
(四) 监护监督机制的运行缺陷探讨 4
三、监护制度优化的理论基础与实践需求 4
(一) 现代监护理念对制度优化的影响 4
(二) 国际监护制度经验的借鉴与启示 5
(三) 我国社会变迁对监护制度的新要求 6
(四) 优化监护制度的伦理与法律平衡 6
四、民法典监护制度的优化路径探索 7
(一) 完善监护资格认定的具体规则 7
(二) 强化监护职责履行的法律支撑体系 8
(三) 构建特殊群体监护的多元化模式 8
(四) 建立健全监护监督与责任追究机制 9
结 论 10
参考文献 11
