摘要
《中华人民共和国民法典》的颁布实施为我国民事法律体系注入了新的活力，其中自甘风险规则作为侵权责任编的重要内容，在平衡权益保护与行为自由方面具有重要意义。本文旨在探讨民法典中自甘风险规则的适用范围与限制，以期为司法实践提供理论支持并推动相关立法完善。通过对国内外相关文献资料进行系统梳理，结合我国现行法律法规及司法解释，并参考典型判例，深入分析自甘风险规则在体育活动、娱乐休闲等领域中的具体应用情形及其边界。研究发现，自甘风险规则适用于受害人自愿参加具有一定风险的文体活动且对损害的发生有合理预见的情形，但该规则并非无条件适用，其受到参与者的年龄、认知能力以及活动组织者安全保障义务等多方面因素的制约。本文创新性地提出应从风险可预见性、参与者同意的有效性及组织者责任三维度构建自甘风险规则适用框架，明确将未成年人特殊保护纳入考量范畴，强调组织者在风险告知和安全保障方面的积极作为义务，从而实现权利保障与行为自由之间的动态平衡，为司法实践中准确理解和适用自甘风险规则提供了有益参考。
关键词：自甘风险规则；民法典；侵权责任
Abstract
The promulgation and implementation of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China have injected new vitality into China’s civil legal system. Among its significant components, the voluntary assumption of risk rule within the tort liability section plays a crucial role in balancing rights protection and behavioral freedom. This paper aims to explore the scope and limitations of the voluntary assumption of risk rule in the Civil Code, providing theoretical support for judicial practice and promoting legislative improvement. By systematically reviewing relevant domestic and international literature, integrating current Chinese laws and judicial interpretations, and referencing typical case law, this study delves into the specific applications and boundaries of the voluntary assumption of risk rule in areas such as sports activities and recreational pursuits. The findings indicate that the rule applies when victims voluntarily participate in cultural and physical activities with inherent risks and can reasonably foresee potential harm. However, the application is not unconditional; it is constrained by factors including the age and cognitive abilities of participants, as well as the safety obligations of event organizers. Innovatively, this paper proposes a fr amework for applying the voluntary assumption of risk rule from three dimensions: predictability of risk, validity of participant consent, and organizer responsibility. It explicitly incorporates special protections for minors and emphasizes the proactive duties of organizers in risk disclosure and safety assurance, thereby achieving a dynamic balance between rights protection and behavioral freedom. This research offers valuable references for accurately understanding and applying the voluntary assumption of risk rule in judicial practice.
Keywords：Voluntary Assumption Of Risk Rule; Civil Code; Tort Liability
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状 1
(三) 研究方法与思路 2
二、自甘风险规则的法律内涵 2
(一) 自甘风险的概念界定 2
(二) 自甘风险的构成要件 3
(三) 自甘风险与其他免责事由的关系 3
三、自甘风险规则的适用范围 4
(一) 体育活动中的自甘风险 4
(二) 高度危险作业中的自甘风险 5
(三) 其他领域的自甘风险适用 5
四、自甘风险规则的限制条件 6
(一) 主体资格的限制 6
(二) 行为性质的限制 7
(三) 损害结果的限制 7
结 论 9
参考文献 10
《中华人民共和国民法典》的颁布实施为我国民事法律体系注入了新的活力，其中自甘风险规则作为侵权责任编的重要内容，在平衡权益保护与行为自由方面具有重要意义。本文旨在探讨民法典中自甘风险规则的适用范围与限制，以期为司法实践提供理论支持并推动相关立法完善。通过对国内外相关文献资料进行系统梳理，结合我国现行法律法规及司法解释，并参考典型判例，深入分析自甘风险规则在体育活动、娱乐休闲等领域中的具体应用情形及其边界。研究发现，自甘风险规则适用于受害人自愿参加具有一定风险的文体活动且对损害的发生有合理预见的情形，但该规则并非无条件适用，其受到参与者的年龄、认知能力以及活动组织者安全保障义务等多方面因素的制约。本文创新性地提出应从风险可预见性、参与者同意的有效性及组织者责任三维度构建自甘风险规则适用框架，明确将未成年人特殊保护纳入考量范畴，强调组织者在风险告知和安全保障方面的积极作为义务，从而实现权利保障与行为自由之间的动态平衡，为司法实践中准确理解和适用自甘风险规则提供了有益参考。
关键词：自甘风险规则；民法典；侵权责任
Abstract
The promulgation and implementation of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China have injected new vitality into China’s civil legal system. Among its significant components, the voluntary assumption of risk rule within the tort liability section plays a crucial role in balancing rights protection and behavioral freedom. This paper aims to explore the scope and limitations of the voluntary assumption of risk rule in the Civil Code, providing theoretical support for judicial practice and promoting legislative improvement. By systematically reviewing relevant domestic and international literature, integrating current Chinese laws and judicial interpretations, and referencing typical case law, this study delves into the specific applications and boundaries of the voluntary assumption of risk rule in areas such as sports activities and recreational pursuits. The findings indicate that the rule applies when victims voluntarily participate in cultural and physical activities with inherent risks and can reasonably foresee potential harm. However, the application is not unconditional; it is constrained by factors including the age and cognitive abilities of participants, as well as the safety obligations of event organizers. Innovatively, this paper proposes a fr amework for applying the voluntary assumption of risk rule from three dimensions: predictability of risk, validity of participant consent, and organizer responsibility. It explicitly incorporates special protections for minors and emphasizes the proactive duties of organizers in risk disclosure and safety assurance, thereby achieving a dynamic balance between rights protection and behavioral freedom. This research offers valuable references for accurately understanding and applying the voluntary assumption of risk rule in judicial practice.
Keywords：Voluntary Assumption Of Risk Rule; Civil Code; Tort Liability
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状 1
(三) 研究方法与思路 2
二、自甘风险规则的法律内涵 2
(一) 自甘风险的概念界定 2
(二) 自甘风险的构成要件 3
(三) 自甘风险与其他免责事由的关系 3
三、自甘风险规则的适用范围 4
(一) 体育活动中的自甘风险 4
(二) 高度危险作业中的自甘风险 5
(三) 其他领域的自甘风险适用 5
四、自甘风险规则的限制条件 6
(一) 主体资格的限制 6
(二) 行为性质的限制 7
(三) 损害结果的限制 7
结 论 9
参考文献 10
