摘要
随着我国人口老龄化趋势加剧以及家庭结构日益小型化，意定监护制度作为《民法典》中保障成年人自主决策权的重要法律机制，其实践意义愈发凸显。本研究旨在探讨《民法典》实施后意定监护制度在实际运行中的问题，并提出针对性的完善建议。通过文献分析与案例研究相结合的方法，系统梳理了当前意定监护制度在协议签订、监督执行及争议解决等方面的困境，发现实践中存在协议形式化不足、监督机制缺失以及司法介入标准不明确等问题。基于此，本文从强化协议规范性、构建多元监督体系和完善司法审查机制三个方面提出了具体改进措施。研究创新点在于首次将国际先进经验与中国本土实践相结合，提出具有可操作性的优化路径，为相关立法完善和司法实践提供了理论支持。研究成果不仅有助于提升意定监护制度的实际效能，也为老年人权益保护和社会治理现代化贡献了学术智慧。
关键词：意定监护制度；民法典；老年人权益保护
Abstract
As China's population aging intensifies and family structures become increasingly smaller, the designated guardianship system, as an important legal mechanism in the Civil Code to safeguard adults' autonomous decision-making rights, has become increasingly significant in practice. This study aims to explore the issues encountered in the implementation of the designated guardianship system since the enforcement of the Civil Code and to propose targeted improvement suggestions. By combining literature analysis with case studies, this research systematically examines the current challenges faced in the signing of agreements, supervision, and dispute resolution within the designated guardianship system, identifying problems such as inadequate formalization of agreements, lack of supervisory mechanisms, and unclear standards for judicial intervention. Based on these findings, specific improvement measures are proposed from three aspects: enhancing the standardization of agreements, establishing a diversified supervision system, and improving the judicial review mechanism. The innovation of this study lies in its first-time integration of international advanced experiences with Chinese local practices, proposing operational optimization paths that provide theoretical support for relevant legislative improvements and judicial practices. The research outcomes not only contribute to enhancing the practical effectiveness of the designated guardianship system but also offer academic insights into the protection of elderly people's rights and the modernization of social governance.
Keywords：Intentional Guardianship System; Civil Code; Elderly Rights Protection
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 意定监护制度的研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外意定监护制度研究现状综述 1
(三) 本文研究方法与理论框架 2
二、民法典中意定监护制度的基本理论 2
(一) 意定监护制度的概念与法律特征 2
(二) 民法典中意定监护的立法沿革与核心条款 3
(三) 意定监护与其他监护形式的关系分析 3
三、意定监护制度在实践中的主要问题 4
(一) 意定监护协议签订过程中的常见障碍 4
(二) 监护人资格认定与职责履行的现实困境 5
(三) 司法实践中意定监护纠纷的处理难点 6
四、完善意定监护制度的对策与建议 7
(一) 明确意定监护协议的规范性要求 7
(二) 建立健全监护人监督与责任追究机制 7
(三) 推动意定监护制度的社会认知与普及 8
结 论 9
参考文献 10
随着我国人口老龄化趋势加剧以及家庭结构日益小型化，意定监护制度作为《民法典》中保障成年人自主决策权的重要法律机制，其实践意义愈发凸显。本研究旨在探讨《民法典》实施后意定监护制度在实际运行中的问题，并提出针对性的完善建议。通过文献分析与案例研究相结合的方法，系统梳理了当前意定监护制度在协议签订、监督执行及争议解决等方面的困境，发现实践中存在协议形式化不足、监督机制缺失以及司法介入标准不明确等问题。基于此，本文从强化协议规范性、构建多元监督体系和完善司法审查机制三个方面提出了具体改进措施。研究创新点在于首次将国际先进经验与中国本土实践相结合，提出具有可操作性的优化路径，为相关立法完善和司法实践提供了理论支持。研究成果不仅有助于提升意定监护制度的实际效能，也为老年人权益保护和社会治理现代化贡献了学术智慧。
关键词：意定监护制度；民法典；老年人权益保护
Abstract
As China's population aging intensifies and family structures become increasingly smaller, the designated guardianship system, as an important legal mechanism in the Civil Code to safeguard adults' autonomous decision-making rights, has become increasingly significant in practice. This study aims to explore the issues encountered in the implementation of the designated guardianship system since the enforcement of the Civil Code and to propose targeted improvement suggestions. By combining literature analysis with case studies, this research systematically examines the current challenges faced in the signing of agreements, supervision, and dispute resolution within the designated guardianship system, identifying problems such as inadequate formalization of agreements, lack of supervisory mechanisms, and unclear standards for judicial intervention. Based on these findings, specific improvement measures are proposed from three aspects: enhancing the standardization of agreements, establishing a diversified supervision system, and improving the judicial review mechanism. The innovation of this study lies in its first-time integration of international advanced experiences with Chinese local practices, proposing operational optimization paths that provide theoretical support for relevant legislative improvements and judicial practices. The research outcomes not only contribute to enhancing the practical effectiveness of the designated guardianship system but also offer academic insights into the protection of elderly people's rights and the modernization of social governance.
Keywords：Intentional Guardianship System; Civil Code; Elderly Rights Protection
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 意定监护制度的研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外意定监护制度研究现状综述 1
(三) 本文研究方法与理论框架 2
二、民法典中意定监护制度的基本理论 2
(一) 意定监护制度的概念与法律特征 2
(二) 民法典中意定监护的立法沿革与核心条款 3
(三) 意定监护与其他监护形式的关系分析 3
三、意定监护制度在实践中的主要问题 4
(一) 意定监护协议签订过程中的常见障碍 4
(二) 监护人资格认定与职责履行的现实困境 5
(三) 司法实践中意定监护纠纷的处理难点 6
四、完善意定监护制度的对策与建议 7
(一) 明确意定监护协议的规范性要求 7
(二) 建立健全监护人监督与责任追究机制 7
(三) 推动意定监护制度的社会认知与普及 8
结 论 9
参考文献 10
