摘要
民事合同解除权作为合同法中的重要制度，对维护交易秩序和当事人权益具有关键意义。本文以我国现行《民法典》及相关司法解释为依据，系统研究民事合同解除权的行使条件与法律后果，旨在明确解除权行使的具体规则，完善相关理论体系并指导司法实践。通过对国内外立法例、司法判例及学术观点进行梳理分析，结合实证研究方法，探讨了约定解除、法定解除以及协议解除三种主要形式，并重点剖析了不可抗力、预期违约等典型情形下解除权的适用条件。研究发现，解除权的行使需满足特定要件，包括但不限于违约事实的存在、解除通知的形式要求等；同时，解除行为产生溯及既往效力或向后发生效力两种不同法律后果。本文创新性地提出应区分不同类型合同特点构建差异化的解除权行使机制，并建议引入善意原则作为判断解除权正当性的补充标准，从而实现合同双方利益平衡，促进市场经济健康发展。该研究成果不仅丰富了合同解除制度的理论内涵，也为司法机关处理相关案件提供了有益参考。
关键词：民事合同解除权；解除权行使条件；法律后果
Abstract
The right to terminate civil contracts is a crucial institution in contract law, playing a pivotal role in maintaining transactional order and protecting the rights of parties. This study, grounded in China’s current Civil Code and relevant judicial interpretations, systematically examines the conditions for exercising and the legal consequences of the right to terminate civil contracts, aiming to clarify specific rules for the exercise of termination rights, refine the theoretical fr amework, and guide judicial practice. By analyzing domestic and international legislative examples, judicial precedents, and academic perspectives, combined with empirical research methods, this paper explores three primary forms of contract termination: agreed termination, statutory termination, and negotiated termination, with a focus on the application conditions of termination rights under typical circumstances such as force majeure and anticipatory breach. The findings indicate that the exercise of termination rights requires fulfillment of specific conditions, including but not limited to the existence of a breach and formal requirements for termination notices; simultaneously, the act of termination results in either retroactive effect or prospective effect, two distinct legal consequences. Innovatively, this study proposes differentiating mechanisms for exercising termination rights based on the characteristics of various types of contracts and suggests incorporating the principle of good faith as a supplementary criterion for assessing the legitimacy of termination rights, thereby achieving a balance of interests between contracting parties and promoting the healthy development of the market economy. This research not only enriches the theoretical connotations of contract termination institutions but also provides valuable references for judicial authorities in handling related cases.
Keywords：Right To Terminate Civil Contract; Conditions For Exercising The Right To Terminate
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 民事合同解除权研究的背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状分析 1
(三) 研究方法与理论框架 2
二、民事合同解除权的行使条件 2
(一) 合同解除权的基本概念界定 2
(二) 法定解除条件的具体分析 3
(三) 约定解除条件的适用范围 4
三、民事合同解除权的行使程序 4
(一) 解除权行使的启动方式 4
(二) 通知义务与程序要求 5
(三) 双方当事人权利义务的平衡 6
四、民事合同解除的法律后果 6
(一) 合同解除后的恢复原状原则 6
(二) 损害赔偿责任的认定与计算 7
(三) 第三方利益保护机制 7
结 论 9
参考文献 10
民事合同解除权作为合同法中的重要制度，对维护交易秩序和当事人权益具有关键意义。本文以我国现行《民法典》及相关司法解释为依据，系统研究民事合同解除权的行使条件与法律后果，旨在明确解除权行使的具体规则，完善相关理论体系并指导司法实践。通过对国内外立法例、司法判例及学术观点进行梳理分析，结合实证研究方法，探讨了约定解除、法定解除以及协议解除三种主要形式，并重点剖析了不可抗力、预期违约等典型情形下解除权的适用条件。研究发现，解除权的行使需满足特定要件，包括但不限于违约事实的存在、解除通知的形式要求等；同时，解除行为产生溯及既往效力或向后发生效力两种不同法律后果。本文创新性地提出应区分不同类型合同特点构建差异化的解除权行使机制，并建议引入善意原则作为判断解除权正当性的补充标准，从而实现合同双方利益平衡，促进市场经济健康发展。该研究成果不仅丰富了合同解除制度的理论内涵，也为司法机关处理相关案件提供了有益参考。
关键词：民事合同解除权；解除权行使条件；法律后果
Abstract
The right to terminate civil contracts is a crucial institution in contract law, playing a pivotal role in maintaining transactional order and protecting the rights of parties. This study, grounded in China’s current Civil Code and relevant judicial interpretations, systematically examines the conditions for exercising and the legal consequences of the right to terminate civil contracts, aiming to clarify specific rules for the exercise of termination rights, refine the theoretical fr amework, and guide judicial practice. By analyzing domestic and international legislative examples, judicial precedents, and academic perspectives, combined with empirical research methods, this paper explores three primary forms of contract termination: agreed termination, statutory termination, and negotiated termination, with a focus on the application conditions of termination rights under typical circumstances such as force majeure and anticipatory breach. The findings indicate that the exercise of termination rights requires fulfillment of specific conditions, including but not limited to the existence of a breach and formal requirements for termination notices; simultaneously, the act of termination results in either retroactive effect or prospective effect, two distinct legal consequences. Innovatively, this study proposes differentiating mechanisms for exercising termination rights based on the characteristics of various types of contracts and suggests incorporating the principle of good faith as a supplementary criterion for assessing the legitimacy of termination rights, thereby achieving a balance of interests between contracting parties and promoting the healthy development of the market economy. This research not only enriches the theoretical connotations of contract termination institutions but also provides valuable references for judicial authorities in handling related cases.
Keywords：Right To Terminate Civil Contract; Conditions For Exercising The Right To Terminate
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 民事合同解除权研究的背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状分析 1
(三) 研究方法与理论框架 2
二、民事合同解除权的行使条件 2
(一) 合同解除权的基本概念界定 2
(二) 法定解除条件的具体分析 3
(三) 约定解除条件的适用范围 4
三、民事合同解除权的行使程序 4
(一) 解除权行使的启动方式 4
(二) 通知义务与程序要求 5
(三) 双方当事人权利义务的平衡 6
四、民事合同解除的法律后果 6
(一) 合同解除后的恢复原状原则 6
(二) 损害赔偿责任的认定与计算 7
(三) 第三方利益保护机制 7
结 论 9
参考文献 10
