摘要
《民法典》的颁布为我国财产共有制度提供了更加完善的法律框架，但按份共有与共同共有的区分及其法律适用仍存在理论争议与实践难题。本研究旨在通过系统梳理两种共有形式的法律特征、权利义务关系及适用场景，明确其在司法实践中的界限与操作路径。研究采用规范分析与比较研究相结合的方法，深入探讨了按份共有与共同共有的本质差异，并结合典型案例剖析了现行法律条文在具体适用中的问题与不足。研究表明，按份共有以份额为核心，强调个体权益的量化与独立性，而共同共有则以整体利益为基础，注重成员间的协作与统一；二者在成立条件、管理规则及处分机制等方面存在显著区别。本研究进一步提出，在法律适用中应强化对共有类型的具体识别，完善共有物分割规则，并细化共同共有的内部决策机制。创新点在于首次从权利结构与运行逻辑的角度构建了两者的区分体系，并提出了具有可操作性的司法适用建议，为解决共有纠纷提供了理论支持与实践指导，有助于推动《民法典》相关规定的精准实施与社会公平正义的实现。
关键词：民法典；共有制度；按份共有
Abstract
The promulgation of the Civil Code has provided a more comprehensive legal fr amework for China's property co-ownership system, yet distinctions between divided co-ownership and joint co-ownership and their legal application remain subjects of theoretical debate and practical challenges. This study aims to clarify the boundaries and operational paths of these two forms in judicial practice by systematically examining their legal characteristics, rights and obligations, and applicable scenarios. Utilizing a combination of normative analysis and comparative research, this study delves into the essential differences between divided co-ownership and joint co-ownership and analyzes issues and inadequacies in the application of current legal provisions through typical case studies. The findings indicate that divided co-ownership centers on shares, emphasizing the quantification and independence of individual rights, whereas joint co-ownership is based on collective interests, focusing on collaboration and unity among members; significant distinctions exist between the two in terms of establishment conditions, management rules, and disposition mechanisms. Furthermore, this study proposes enhancing the specific identification of co-ownership types in legal application, improving rules for the partition of co-owned property, and refining internal decision-making mechanisms for joint co-ownership. An innovation of this study lies in constructing a distinction system from the perspective of rights structure and operational logic for the first time, and offering actionable judicial application recommendations, thereby providing theoretical support and practical guidance for resolving co-ownership disputes and facilitating the precise implementation of relevant provisions in the Civil Code and the realization of social equity and justice.
Keywords：Civil Code; Co-Ownership System; Undivided Co-Ownership
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 按份共有与共同共有的研究背景 1
(二) 研究按份共有与共同共有的意义分析 1
(三) 国内外研究现状综述 1
(四) 本文研究方法与创新点 2
二、按份共有与共同共有的概念界定 2
(一) 按份共有的法律定义与特征 2
(二) 共同共有的法律定义与特征 3
(三) 两种共有形式的核心区别分析 3
(四) 民法典中相关条款的解读 4
三、按份共有与共同共有的权利义务比较 5
(一) 权利行使方式的差异分析 5
(二) 义务承担机制的具体对比 5
(三) 分割请求权的适用条件探讨 6
(四) 特殊情形下的权利义务调整 6
四、按份共有与共同共有的法律适用问题 7
(一) 不动产交易中的法律适用难点 7
(二) 家庭财产分割中的适用规则分析 8
(三) 实践中争议解决路径的探索 8
(四) 民法典实施后的典型案例评析 9
结 论 11
参考文献 12
《民法典》的颁布为我国财产共有制度提供了更加完善的法律框架，但按份共有与共同共有的区分及其法律适用仍存在理论争议与实践难题。本研究旨在通过系统梳理两种共有形式的法律特征、权利义务关系及适用场景，明确其在司法实践中的界限与操作路径。研究采用规范分析与比较研究相结合的方法，深入探讨了按份共有与共同共有的本质差异，并结合典型案例剖析了现行法律条文在具体适用中的问题与不足。研究表明，按份共有以份额为核心，强调个体权益的量化与独立性，而共同共有则以整体利益为基础，注重成员间的协作与统一；二者在成立条件、管理规则及处分机制等方面存在显著区别。本研究进一步提出，在法律适用中应强化对共有类型的具体识别，完善共有物分割规则，并细化共同共有的内部决策机制。创新点在于首次从权利结构与运行逻辑的角度构建了两者的区分体系，并提出了具有可操作性的司法适用建议，为解决共有纠纷提供了理论支持与实践指导，有助于推动《民法典》相关规定的精准实施与社会公平正义的实现。
关键词：民法典；共有制度；按份共有
Abstract
The promulgation of the Civil Code has provided a more comprehensive legal fr amework for China's property co-ownership system, yet distinctions between divided co-ownership and joint co-ownership and their legal application remain subjects of theoretical debate and practical challenges. This study aims to clarify the boundaries and operational paths of these two forms in judicial practice by systematically examining their legal characteristics, rights and obligations, and applicable scenarios. Utilizing a combination of normative analysis and comparative research, this study delves into the essential differences between divided co-ownership and joint co-ownership and analyzes issues and inadequacies in the application of current legal provisions through typical case studies. The findings indicate that divided co-ownership centers on shares, emphasizing the quantification and independence of individual rights, whereas joint co-ownership is based on collective interests, focusing on collaboration and unity among members; significant distinctions exist between the two in terms of establishment conditions, management rules, and disposition mechanisms. Furthermore, this study proposes enhancing the specific identification of co-ownership types in legal application, improving rules for the partition of co-owned property, and refining internal decision-making mechanisms for joint co-ownership. An innovation of this study lies in constructing a distinction system from the perspective of rights structure and operational logic for the first time, and offering actionable judicial application recommendations, thereby providing theoretical support and practical guidance for resolving co-ownership disputes and facilitating the precise implementation of relevant provisions in the Civil Code and the realization of social equity and justice.
Keywords：Civil Code; Co-Ownership System; Undivided Co-Ownership
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 按份共有与共同共有的研究背景 1
(二) 研究按份共有与共同共有的意义分析 1
(三) 国内外研究现状综述 1
(四) 本文研究方法与创新点 2
二、按份共有与共同共有的概念界定 2
(一) 按份共有的法律定义与特征 2
(二) 共同共有的法律定义与特征 3
(三) 两种共有形式的核心区别分析 3
(四) 民法典中相关条款的解读 4
三、按份共有与共同共有的权利义务比较 5
(一) 权利行使方式的差异分析 5
(二) 义务承担机制的具体对比 5
(三) 分割请求权的适用条件探讨 6
(四) 特殊情形下的权利义务调整 6
四、按份共有与共同共有的法律适用问题 7
(一) 不动产交易中的法律适用难点 7
(二) 家庭财产分割中的适用规则分析 8
(三) 实践中争议解决路径的探索 8
(四) 民法典实施后的典型案例评析 9
结 论 11
参考文献 12
