摘要
植物根系分泌物对土壤养分有效性具有重要影响，是当前研究的热点领域。本研究旨在探讨不同植物根系分泌物如何调控土壤中氮磷钾等主要养分的有效性，通过室内培养实验与田间试验相结合的方法，选取典型农作物及野生植物为研究对象，利用高效液相色谱、离子色谱等技术手段分析根系分泌物组成成分及其动态变化规律。研究发现，根系分泌物中的有机酸、糖类和氨基酸等物质能够显著促进土壤中难溶性磷的释放，提高其生物有效性；特定分泌物可诱导土壤微生物群落结构发生改变，增强微生物活性，进而促进养分循环。根系分泌物还能够调节土壤pH值，间接影响养分形态转化。本研究创新性地揭示了根系分泌物在调控土壤养分有效性方面的多重机制，特别是明确了关键分泌物成分的作用途径，为优化作物施肥方案提供了理论依据，也为深入理解植物-土壤互作关系奠定了基础，对农业可持续发展具有重要意义。
关键词：根系分泌物；土壤养分有效性；有机酸
Study on the Mechanisms of Plant Root Exudates in Influencing Soil Nutrient Availability
ABSTRACT
Plant root exudates play a crucial role in regulating soil nutrient availability and have become a focal area of current research. This study investigates how root exudates from different plants modulate the availability of major nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in soil. By integrating laboratory incubation experiments with field trials, we selected typical crop species and wild plants as experimental subjects. High-performance liquid chromatography and ion chromatography were employed to analyze the composition and dynamic changes of root exudates. The findings revealed that organic acids, sugars, and amino acids in root exudates significantly promote the release of insoluble phosphorus in soil, enhancing its bioavailability. Simultaneously, specific exudates induce alterations in soil microbial community structure, increasing microbial activity and thereby facilitating nutrient cycling. Moreover, root exudates regulate soil pH, indirectly influencing nutrient speciation. This study innovatively elucidates multiple mechanisms by which root exudates control soil nutrient availability, particularly identifying the pathways of key exudate components. These insights provide a theoretical basis for optimizing fertilizer application strategies in crops and deepen our understanding of plant-soil interactions, contributing significantly to sustainable agricultural development.
KEY WORDS：Root Exudates；Soil Nutrient Availability；Organic Acids
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景与意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
第二章 植物根系分泌物的组成与特性 2
2.1 根系分泌物的主要成分 2
2.2 分泌物的时空动态变化 2
2.3 分泌物对土壤环境的影响 2
第三章 根系分泌物对养分有效性的作用机制 4
3.1 对氮素有效性的影响 4
3.2 对磷素有效性的影响 4
3.3 对微量元素有效性的影响 5
第四章 根系分泌物与土壤微生物的互作 6
4.1 微生物群落结构的变化 6
4.2 促进养分转化的机制 6
4.3 对植物生长的间接影响 7
结 论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
