摘 要
随着城市化进程的加快，地下空间开发成为拓展城市发展空间的重要途径，然而地下水环境复杂多变，防水问题成为制约地下工程建设的关键因素。为此，本研究聚焦地下空间开发中的防水技术应用与效果评估，旨在为地下工程提供科学有效的防水方案。通过文献综述、实地调研和案例分析等方法，系统梳理了当前主流防水材料和技术手段，包括高分子防水卷材、水泥基渗透结晶型防水涂料、预铺反粘防水卷材等，并结合实际工程案例探讨其应用效果。研究发现，不同防水技术在不同地质条件下的适应性存在显著差异，其中预铺反粘防水卷材在软土地区表现出优异的防水性能，且施工便捷、成本可控；而水泥基渗透结晶型防水涂料则适用于硬岩地区，具有良好的耐久性和自修复能力。此外，本研究创新性地引入综合评价体系，从防水效果、经济成本、施工难度等多个维度对各类防水技术进行全面评估，为工程实践提供了重要参考依据。研究表明，合理选择防水技术并优化施工工艺是确保地下空间长期稳定运行的关键，该研究成果不仅丰富了地下工程防水理论体系，也为相关工程设计和施工提供了有力的技术支撑。
关键词：地下空间开发；防水技术；预铺反粘防水卷材；水泥基渗透结晶型防水涂料；综合评价体系
Abstract
With the acceleration of urbanization, the development of underground space has become a crucial approach to expanding urban development. However, the complex and variable groundwater environment poses significant challenges, with waterproofing emerging as a critical factor constraining underground construction projects. This study focuses on the application and effectiveness evaluation of waterproofing technologies in underground space development, aiming to provide scientifically sound and effective waterproofing solutions for underground engineering. Through literature reviews, field surveys, and case studies, this research systematically examines current mainstream waterproofing materials and techniques, including polymer waterproof membranes, cementitious crystalline waterproof coatings, and pre-applied reverse-adhesive waterproof membranes, and explores their application effects in actual engineering cases. The findings reveal that the adaptability of different waterproofing technologies varies significantly under different geological conditions. Pre-applied reverse-adhesive waterproof membranes exhibit superior waterproof performance in soft soil areas, featuring convenient construction and controllable costs. In contrast, cementitious crystalline waterproof coatings are suitable for hard rock regions, demonstrating excellent durability and self-healing capabilities. Additionally, this study innovatively introduces a comprehensive evaluation system to assess various waterproofing technologies from multiple dimensions such as waterproofing effectiveness, economic cost, and construction difficulty, providing essential references for engineering practice. The research indicates that selecting appropriate waterproofing technologies and optimizing construction processes are key to ensuring the long-term stable operation of underground spaces. These findings not only enrich the theoretical fr amework of waterproofing in underground engineering but also offer robust technical support for related design and construction practices.
Keywords：Underground Space Development；Water-proofing Technology；Pre-laid Reverse Adhesive Water-proof Membrane；Cementitious Permeable Crystalline Water-proof Coating；Comprehensive Evaluation System
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 地下空间防水技术概述 2
1.1 地下水环境特性分析 2
1.2 防水材料选择原则 2
1.3 防水施工工艺流程 3
第二章 防水设计与施工技术 5
2.1 结构自防水设计 5
2.2 外部防水层设置 5
2.3 施工缝处理技术 6
第三章 防水效果监测与评估 8
3.1 渗漏检测方法 8
3.2 防水性能评价指标 8
3.3 长期效果跟踪监测 9
第四章 防水技术优化与展望 10
4.1 新型防水材料应用 10
4.2 综合防水体系构建 10
4.3 未来发展趋势预测 11
结 论 13
参考文献 14
致 谢 15
