摘 要
随着城市化进程的加速，地铁建设规模不断扩大，盾构法成为地铁隧道施工的主要方式，然而地表沉降问题严重影响周边环境安全及工程质量。为此，本研究聚焦地铁隧道盾构施工中地表沉降控制技术，旨在通过系统性研究提出有效控制策略。基于理论分析、数值模拟与现场监测相结合的方法，深入探讨盾构掘进参数、土体特性等因素对地表沉降的影响规律，建立适用于不同地质条件的地表沉降预测模型，并提出优化盾构施工参数、改良土体性质等控制措施。研究结果表明，合理调整盾构掘进速度、推力、出土量等参数可显著减小地表沉降幅度；采用注浆加固、冻结法等土体改良技术能有效提高土体稳定性，降低沉降风险。本研究创新性地将多种因素耦合分析，构建了较为完善的地表沉降控制体系，为类似工程提供了科学依据和技术支持，对保障地铁隧道盾构施工安全、减少对周边环境影响具有重要意义。
关键词：地表沉降控制；盾构施工；地铁隧道；掘进参数优化；土体改良技术
Abstract
With the acceleration of urbanization, the scale of subway construction has been continuously expanding, and the shield tunneling method has become the primary approach for subway tunnel construction. However, surface settlement poses a significant threat to the safety of the surrounding environment and the quality of engineering. This study focuses on surface settlement control technology during shield tunneling in subway construction, aiming to propose effective control strategies through systematic research. By integrating theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field monitoring, this study thoroughly investigates the influence patterns of shield tunneling parameters and soil properties on surface settlement, establishing surface settlement prediction models applicable to different geological conditions. The research also proposes control measures such as optimizing shield tunneling parameters and improving soil properties. The results indicate that reasonably adjusting parameters like shield tunneling speed, thrust force, and spoil removal can significantly reduce the magnitude of surface settlement. Employing grouting reinforcement and freezing methods for soil improvement can effectively enhance soil stability and mitigate settlement risks. Innovatively coupling multiple factors in the analysis, this study constructs a relatively comprehensive surface settlement control system, providing scientific evidence and technical support for similar projects. It is of great significance for ensuring the safety of shield tunneling in subway construction and minimizing impacts on the surrounding environment.
Keywords：Surface Settlement Control；Shield Construction；Metro Tunnel；Excavation Parameter Optimization；Soil Improvement Technology
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 地表沉降影响因素分析 2
1.1 地质条件对沉降的影响 2
1.2 施工参数与沉降关系 2
1.3 环境因素对沉降的作用 3
第二章 盾构施工技术优化 4
2.1 盾构机选型与配置 4
2.2 掘进参数控制策略 4
2.3 泥水压力平衡调节 5
第三章 沉降监测与预警系统 7
3.1 监测点布设原则 7
3.2 数据采集与处理方法 7
3.3 预警阈值设定标准 8
第四章 沉降控制措施及应用 10
4.1 土体改良技术应用 10
4.2 补偿注浆工艺实施 10
4.3 综合治理方案评价 11
结 论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
