摘 要
随着交通流量的不断增加和服役年限的增长，桥梁结构的安全性和可靠性面临严峻挑战。为确保桥梁在全寿命周期内的安全运营，本文基于可靠性理论对既有桥梁结构进行评估与加固方法研究。首先构建了涵盖材料性能退化、荷载效应演变等多因素的桥梁结构可靠性评估模型，采用概率统计分析确定结构当前可靠性水平。针对可靠性不满足要求的桥梁，提出基于可靠度指标优化的加固策略，创新性地引入多目标优化算法实现加固方案优选，综合考虑经济性、施工可行性和结构性能提升。通过工程实例验证，所提方法能够准确评估桥梁结构可靠性现状，加固后桥梁结构的可靠度显著提高，且在成本控制方面表现出色。该研究为既有桥梁的维护管理提供了科学依据和技术支持，有助于延长桥梁使用寿命，保障交通运输安全畅通，对推动桥梁工程领域的发展具有重要意义。
关键词：桥梁结构可靠性；加固方法；多目标优化；材料性能退化；荷载效应演变
Abstract
With the continuous increase in traffic volume and the extension of service life, the safety and reliability of bridge structures are facing severe challenges. To ensure safe operation throughout the entire lifecycle of bridges, this study investigates the assessment and reinforcement methods for existing bridge structures based on reliability theory. A comprehensive reliability evaluation model for bridge structures is established, incorporating factors such as material performance degradation and load effect evolution. Probabilistic statistical analysis is employed to determine the current reliability level of the structure. For bridges that do not meet reliability requirements, a reinforcement strategy based on reliability index optimization is proposed, innovatively introducing multi-ob jective optimization algorithms to select optimal reinforcement schemes. This approach considers economic feasibility, constructability, and structural performance enhancement. The proposed method is validated through engineering examples, demonstrating its ability to accurately assess the current reliability status of bridge structures. Post-reinforcement, the reliability of the bridge structures is significantly improved, with excellent performance in cost control. This research provides a scientific basis and technical support for the maintenance and management of existing bridges, contributing to extended service life and ensuring safe and smooth transportation. It holds significant importance for the development of the bridge engineering field.
Keywords：Bridge Structural Reliability；Strengthening Methods；Multi-ob jective Optimization；Material Property Degradation；Load Effect Evolution
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 桥梁结构可靠性理论基础 2
1.1 可靠性基本概念与定义 2
1.2 结构可靠度分析方法 2
1.3 桥梁结构失效模式 3
第二章 桥梁结构评估方法 5
2.1 评估指标体系构建 5
2.2 现状检测技术应用 5
2.3 评估模型建立与验证 6
第三章 加固技术与可靠性提升 7
3.1 常用加固方法综述 7
3.2 加固效果可靠性分析 7
3.3 加固方案优化设计 8
第四章 实际工程应用案例 10
4.1 工程背景与问题 10
4.2 评估与加固实施过程 10
4.3 效果评价与经验总结 11
结 论 13
参考文献 14
致 谢 15
