纳米纤维膜在空气过滤中的应用与性能研究
摘要
空气污染问题日益严重，对高效空气过滤材料的需求不断增加。纳米纤维膜凭借其独特的纳米级孔径结构、高比表面积和良好的机械性能，在空气过滤领域展现出巨大潜力。本研究旨在系统探讨纳米纤维膜在空气过滤中的应用与性能，通过静电纺丝技术制备不同材质（聚酰胺6、聚丙烯腈等）的纳米纤维膜，并对其微观结构、物理化学性质及过滤性能进行表征分析。采用扫描电子显微镜观察纤维形貌，利用透气性测试仪测定透气性，借助气溶胶光度计评估过滤效率。实验结果表明，所制备的纳米纤维膜具有优异的过滤性能，对于0.3μm颗粒物的过滤效率可达99%以上，且压降较低，表现出良好的透气性。创新点在于优化了纳米纤维膜的制备工艺参数，如纺丝电压、溶液浓度等，显著提高了纤维排列规整性和膜的均匀性，从而提升了过滤性能。此外，还探究了纳米纤维膜在不同湿度条件下的稳定性，发现其在相对湿度80%以下仍能保持稳定的过滤效率。研究表明，纳米纤维膜作为一种新型高效空气过滤材料，在空气净化领域具有广阔的应用前景，为解决空气污染问题提供了新的思路和技术支持。
关键词：纳米纤维膜；空气过滤；静电纺丝
Abstract
Air pollution has become an increasingly serious issue, leading to a growing demand for efficient air filtration materials. Nanofiber membranes, characterized by their unique nanoscale pore structure, high specific surface area, and excellent mechanical properties, have shown great potential in air filtration applications. This study systematically investigates the application and performance of nanofiber membranes in air filtration. Electrospinning technology was employed to fabricate nanofiber membranes from various materials such as polyamide 6 and polyacrylonitrile. The microstructure, physicochemical properties, and filtration performance of these membranes were characterized and analyzed. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe fiber morphology, air permeability was measured using a permeability tester, and filtration efficiency was evaluated with an aerosol photometer. Experimental results demonstrated that the prepared nanofiber membranes exhibited superior filtration performance, achieving a filtration efficiency of over 99% for 0.3 μm particles, while maintaining low pressure drop and good air permeability. An innovation of this study lies in optimizing the preparation process parameters of the nanofiber membranes, including spinning voltage and solution concentration, which significantly improved fiber alignment and membrane uniformity, thereby enhancing filtration performance. Additionally, the stability of the nanofiber membranes under different humidity conditions was explored, revealing that they could maintain stable filtration efficiency at relative humidity levels below 80%. The research indicates that nanofiber membranes, as a novel and highly efficient air filtration material, hold broad prospects in air purification and provide new ideas and technical support for addressing air pollution issues.
Keywords：Nanofiber Membrane; Air Filtration; Electrospinning
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状 1
(三) 研究方法与技术路线 2
二、纳米纤维膜制备工艺研究 2
(一) 制备方法综述 2
(二) 影响因素分析 3
(三) 工艺优化方案 3
三、纳米纤维膜过滤性能评价 4
(一) 过滤效率测试 4
(二) 压力损失分析 5
(三) 性能影响因素 5
四、纳米纤维膜应用前景探讨 6
(一) 应用于空气净化 6
(二) 与其他材料对比 7
(三) 发展趋势展望 7
结 论 9
参考文献 10
摘要
空气污染问题日益严重，对高效空气过滤材料的需求不断增加。纳米纤维膜凭借其独特的纳米级孔径结构、高比表面积和良好的机械性能，在空气过滤领域展现出巨大潜力。本研究旨在系统探讨纳米纤维膜在空气过滤中的应用与性能，通过静电纺丝技术制备不同材质（聚酰胺6、聚丙烯腈等）的纳米纤维膜，并对其微观结构、物理化学性质及过滤性能进行表征分析。采用扫描电子显微镜观察纤维形貌，利用透气性测试仪测定透气性，借助气溶胶光度计评估过滤效率。实验结果表明，所制备的纳米纤维膜具有优异的过滤性能，对于0.3μm颗粒物的过滤效率可达99%以上，且压降较低，表现出良好的透气性。创新点在于优化了纳米纤维膜的制备工艺参数，如纺丝电压、溶液浓度等，显著提高了纤维排列规整性和膜的均匀性，从而提升了过滤性能。此外，还探究了纳米纤维膜在不同湿度条件下的稳定性，发现其在相对湿度80%以下仍能保持稳定的过滤效率。研究表明，纳米纤维膜作为一种新型高效空气过滤材料，在空气净化领域具有广阔的应用前景，为解决空气污染问题提供了新的思路和技术支持。
关键词：纳米纤维膜；空气过滤；静电纺丝
Abstract
Air pollution has become an increasingly serious issue, leading to a growing demand for efficient air filtration materials. Nanofiber membranes, characterized by their unique nanoscale pore structure, high specific surface area, and excellent mechanical properties, have shown great potential in air filtration applications. This study systematically investigates the application and performance of nanofiber membranes in air filtration. Electrospinning technology was employed to fabricate nanofiber membranes from various materials such as polyamide 6 and polyacrylonitrile. The microstructure, physicochemical properties, and filtration performance of these membranes were characterized and analyzed. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe fiber morphology, air permeability was measured using a permeability tester, and filtration efficiency was evaluated with an aerosol photometer. Experimental results demonstrated that the prepared nanofiber membranes exhibited superior filtration performance, achieving a filtration efficiency of over 99% for 0.3 μm particles, while maintaining low pressure drop and good air permeability. An innovation of this study lies in optimizing the preparation process parameters of the nanofiber membranes, including spinning voltage and solution concentration, which significantly improved fiber alignment and membrane uniformity, thereby enhancing filtration performance. Additionally, the stability of the nanofiber membranes under different humidity conditions was explored, revealing that they could maintain stable filtration efficiency at relative humidity levels below 80%. The research indicates that nanofiber membranes, as a novel and highly efficient air filtration material, hold broad prospects in air purification and provide new ideas and technical support for addressing air pollution issues.
Keywords：Nanofiber Membrane; Air Filtration; Electrospinning
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状 1
(三) 研究方法与技术路线 2
二、纳米纤维膜制备工艺研究 2
(一) 制备方法综述 2
(二) 影响因素分析 3
(三) 工艺优化方案 3
三、纳米纤维膜过滤性能评价 4
(一) 过滤效率测试 4
(二) 压力损失分析 5
(三) 性能影响因素 5
四、纳米纤维膜应用前景探讨 6
(一) 应用于空气净化 6
(二) 与其他材料对比 7
(三) 发展趋势展望 7
结 论 9
参考文献 10
