摘 要
鲁迅笔下的农村世界与农民形象研究聚焦于中国近现代社会转型期的乡村社会，以鲁迅作品为文本基础，探讨其对农村世界的深刻描绘及农民形象的塑造。通过对《呐喊》《彷徨》等代表性作品的系统梳理，结合历史文献分析，本研究旨在揭示鲁迅笔下农村社会的多面性及其蕴含的时代意义。研究采用文本细读与社会史相结合的方法，从文学创作视角切入，深入剖析鲁迅对农村贫困、愚昧、麻木现象的批判，以及对农民群体复杂性的刻画。研究表明，鲁迅不仅呈现了农村社会的黑暗面，更表达了对底层民众命运的深切关怀，展现了启蒙思想家的人文情怀。创新之处在于将鲁迅笔下的农民形象置于中国现代化进程的历史脉络中考察，揭示其作为“国民性”批判的重要载体，具有超越时代的普遍价值。通过对鲁迅农村题材作品的重新解读，本研究深化了对20世纪初中国农村社会的理解，为当代新农村建设提供了历史镜鉴，同时也丰富了鲁迅研究的理论维度，拓展了中国现代文学研究的新视野。
关键词：鲁迅笔下的农民形象；农村社会描绘；国民性批判；启蒙思想；20世纪初中国农村
Abstract
This study focuses on the rural world and peasant images depicted by Lu Xun during China’s social transformation period from traditional to modern society. Based on Lu Xun’s works, it explores his profound portrayal of the rural world and the shaping of peasant images. Through a systematic examination of representative works such as "Call to Arms" and "Wandering," combined with historical document analysis, this research aims to reveal the multifaceted nature of the rural society in Lu Xun’s writings and its embedded era significance. Employing a method that integrates close textual reading with social history, the study delves into Lu Xun’s critique of rural poverty, ignorance, and numbness from a literary creation perspective, as well as his depiction of the complexity of the peasant group. The findings indicate that Lu Xun not only exposes the dark side of rural society but also expresses deep concern for the fate of the underclass, showcasing the humanitarian sentiment of an enlightenment thinker. The innovation lies in situating Lu Xun’s peasant images within the historical context of China’s modernization process, revealing their importance as a vehicle for “national character” criticism and their transcendent universal value. By reinterpreting Lu Xun’s rural-themed works, this study deepens the understanding of early 20th-century Chinese rural society, providing historical insights for contemporary new rural construction. It also enriches the theoretical dimensions of Lu Xun studies and broadens the new horizons of modern Chinese literature research.
Keywords：Farmers' Images In Lu Xun’s Works；Rural Society Depiction；National Character Criticism；Enlightenment Thought；Early 20th Century Chinese Countryside
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 鲁迅笔下的农村社会结构 2
1.1 农村阶层划分与特征 2
1.2 宗族势力的影响 2
1.3 社会秩序的维持方式 3
第二章 农民形象的塑造手法 5
2.1 外貌描写与性格刻画 5
2.2 生活场景的再现 5
2.3 语言特色的运用 6
第三章 农民的精神状态分析 7
3.1 传统观念的束缚 7
3.2 迷信与愚昧的表现 7
3.3 对新事物的态度转变 8
第四章 农村世界的变迁描绘 10
4.1 新旧时代的对比 10
4.2 政治变革的影响 10
4.3 文化传承与断裂 11
结 论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
鲁迅笔下的农村世界与农民形象研究聚焦于中国近现代社会转型期的乡村社会，以鲁迅作品为文本基础，探讨其对农村世界的深刻描绘及农民形象的塑造。通过对《呐喊》《彷徨》等代表性作品的系统梳理，结合历史文献分析，本研究旨在揭示鲁迅笔下农村社会的多面性及其蕴含的时代意义。研究采用文本细读与社会史相结合的方法，从文学创作视角切入，深入剖析鲁迅对农村贫困、愚昧、麻木现象的批判，以及对农民群体复杂性的刻画。研究表明，鲁迅不仅呈现了农村社会的黑暗面，更表达了对底层民众命运的深切关怀，展现了启蒙思想家的人文情怀。创新之处在于将鲁迅笔下的农民形象置于中国现代化进程的历史脉络中考察，揭示其作为“国民性”批判的重要载体，具有超越时代的普遍价值。通过对鲁迅农村题材作品的重新解读，本研究深化了对20世纪初中国农村社会的理解，为当代新农村建设提供了历史镜鉴，同时也丰富了鲁迅研究的理论维度，拓展了中国现代文学研究的新视野。
关键词：鲁迅笔下的农民形象；农村社会描绘；国民性批判；启蒙思想；20世纪初中国农村
Abstract
This study focuses on the rural world and peasant images depicted by Lu Xun during China’s social transformation period from traditional to modern society. Based on Lu Xun’s works, it explores his profound portrayal of the rural world and the shaping of peasant images. Through a systematic examination of representative works such as "Call to Arms" and "Wandering," combined with historical document analysis, this research aims to reveal the multifaceted nature of the rural society in Lu Xun’s writings and its embedded era significance. Employing a method that integrates close textual reading with social history, the study delves into Lu Xun’s critique of rural poverty, ignorance, and numbness from a literary creation perspective, as well as his depiction of the complexity of the peasant group. The findings indicate that Lu Xun not only exposes the dark side of rural society but also expresses deep concern for the fate of the underclass, showcasing the humanitarian sentiment of an enlightenment thinker. The innovation lies in situating Lu Xun’s peasant images within the historical context of China’s modernization process, revealing their importance as a vehicle for “national character” criticism and their transcendent universal value. By reinterpreting Lu Xun’s rural-themed works, this study deepens the understanding of early 20th-century Chinese rural society, providing historical insights for contemporary new rural construction. It also enriches the theoretical dimensions of Lu Xun studies and broadens the new horizons of modern Chinese literature research.
Keywords：Farmers' Images In Lu Xun’s Works；Rural Society Depiction；National Character Criticism；Enlightenment Thought；Early 20th Century Chinese Countryside
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 鲁迅笔下的农村社会结构 2
1.1 农村阶层划分与特征 2
1.2 宗族势力的影响 2
1.3 社会秩序的维持方式 3
第二章 农民形象的塑造手法 5
2.1 外貌描写与性格刻画 5
2.2 生活场景的再现 5
2.3 语言特色的运用 6
第三章 农民的精神状态分析 7
3.1 传统观念的束缚 7
3.2 迷信与愚昧的表现 7
3.3 对新事物的态度转变 8
第四章 农村世界的变迁描绘 10
4.1 新旧时代的对比 10
4.2 政治变革的影响 10
4.3 文化传承与断裂 11
结 论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
