摘要
《民法典》的颁布为我国民事法律体系注入了新的活力，其中关于遗赠扶养协议的规定备受关注。本研究聚焦于《民法典》中遗赠扶养协议的法律效力与实践问题，旨在深入剖析其在现行法律框架下的适用情况及其面临的挑战。通过对相关法律法规、司法解释以及实际案例的系统梳理，结合比较法视角，探讨遗赠扶养协议在理论和实践中的双重维度。研究发现，《民法典》明确了遗赠扶养协议的优先效力，但实践中仍存在诸多争议点，如协议主体资格认定、履行监督机制缺失等。本研究创新性地提出构建第三方监督机制和完善协议备案制度的建议，以增强协议的可操作性和法律保障。通过对典型案例的分析，揭示了当前司法实践中存在的理解偏差和适用不统一问题，并针对性地提出了优化路径。研究表明，完善遗赠扶养协议制度不仅有助于保护弱势群体权益，还能促进社会养老保障体系多元化发展，具有重要的现实意义和社会价值。
关键词：民法典；遗赠扶养协议；法律效力
Abstract
The promulgation of the Civil Code has injected new vitality into China's civil legal system, with particular attention given to the provisions concerning maintenance support agreements through legacy (MSAL). This study focuses on the legal efficacy and practical issues of MSAL under the Civil Code, aiming to thoroughly analyze its application within the current legal fr amework and the challenges it faces. By systematically reviewing relevant laws, judicial interpretations, and actual cases, and incorporating a comparative law perspective, this research explores both theoretical and practical dimensions of MSAL. Findings indicate that while the Civil Code clarifies the priority effect of MSAL, numerous controversies remain in practice, such as the determination of eligibility for parties involved and the lack of supervision mechanisms for agreement fulfillment. Innovatively, this study proposes establishing a third-party supervision mechanism and improving the registration system for agreements to enhance their operability and legal protection. Through the analysis of typical cases, this study reveals existing interpretative discrepancies and inconsistencies in judicial practice, and suggests optimization paths accordingly. The research demonstrates that refining the MSAL system not only helps protect the rights of vulnerable groups but also promotes the diversification of social elderly care security systems, highlighting its significant practical implications and social value.
Keywords：Civil Code; Legacy Support Agreement; Legal Effectiveness
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 研究现状综述 1
(三) 研究方法概述 2
二、遗赠扶养协议的法律效力 2
(一) 法律效力的理论基础 2
(二) 生效要件分析 3
(三) 效力争议解决机制 4
三、遗赠扶养协议的实践问题 5
(一) 协议签订中的常见问题 5
(二) 履行过程中的风险防范 5
(三) 实践案例分析 6
四、完善遗赠扶养协议制度的建议 6
(一) 立法完善建议 7
(二) 司法适用优化 7
(三) 社会保障配套措施 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
《民法典》的颁布为我国民事法律体系注入了新的活力，其中关于遗赠扶养协议的规定备受关注。本研究聚焦于《民法典》中遗赠扶养协议的法律效力与实践问题，旨在深入剖析其在现行法律框架下的适用情况及其面临的挑战。通过对相关法律法规、司法解释以及实际案例的系统梳理，结合比较法视角，探讨遗赠扶养协议在理论和实践中的双重维度。研究发现，《民法典》明确了遗赠扶养协议的优先效力，但实践中仍存在诸多争议点，如协议主体资格认定、履行监督机制缺失等。本研究创新性地提出构建第三方监督机制和完善协议备案制度的建议，以增强协议的可操作性和法律保障。通过对典型案例的分析，揭示了当前司法实践中存在的理解偏差和适用不统一问题，并针对性地提出了优化路径。研究表明，完善遗赠扶养协议制度不仅有助于保护弱势群体权益，还能促进社会养老保障体系多元化发展，具有重要的现实意义和社会价值。
关键词：民法典；遗赠扶养协议；法律效力
Abstract
The promulgation of the Civil Code has injected new vitality into China's civil legal system, with particular attention given to the provisions concerning maintenance support agreements through legacy (MSAL). This study focuses on the legal efficacy and practical issues of MSAL under the Civil Code, aiming to thoroughly analyze its application within the current legal fr amework and the challenges it faces. By systematically reviewing relevant laws, judicial interpretations, and actual cases, and incorporating a comparative law perspective, this research explores both theoretical and practical dimensions of MSAL. Findings indicate that while the Civil Code clarifies the priority effect of MSAL, numerous controversies remain in practice, such as the determination of eligibility for parties involved and the lack of supervision mechanisms for agreement fulfillment. Innovatively, this study proposes establishing a third-party supervision mechanism and improving the registration system for agreements to enhance their operability and legal protection. Through the analysis of typical cases, this study reveals existing interpretative discrepancies and inconsistencies in judicial practice, and suggests optimization paths accordingly. The research demonstrates that refining the MSAL system not only helps protect the rights of vulnerable groups but also promotes the diversification of social elderly care security systems, highlighting its significant practical implications and social value.
Keywords：Civil Code; Legacy Support Agreement; Legal Effectiveness
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 研究现状综述 1
(三) 研究方法概述 2
二、遗赠扶养协议的法律效力 2
(一) 法律效力的理论基础 2
(二) 生效要件分析 3
(三) 效力争议解决机制 4
三、遗赠扶养协议的实践问题 5
(一) 协议签订中的常见问题 5
(二) 履行过程中的风险防范 5
(三) 实践案例分析 6
四、完善遗赠扶养协议制度的建议 6
(一) 立法完善建议 7
(二) 司法适用优化 7
(三) 社会保障配套措施 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
