摘要
民事执行中的参与分配制度是解决多个债权人对同一债务人财产进行受偿的重要法律机制，随着市场经济的发展和司法实践的深入，现行制度逐渐暴露出诸多问题。本文旨在通过对我国民事执行参与分配制度的系统研究，剖析其在立法与实践层面存在的缺陷，为完善该制度提供理论支持。基于实证分析方法，通过收集整理全国范围内具有代表性的案例数据，并结合域外相关立法经验，发现现行制度存在适用范围狭窄、启动程序不规范、清偿顺序模糊等问题。研究结果表明，有必要从扩大适用主体范围、优化启动程序、明确清偿顺序等方面进行改革。创新性地提出构建以债权平等原则为基础，兼顾特殊债权优先保护的新型分配体系，同时引入信息化手段提高执行效率。本研究不仅为我国民事执行法的修订提供了参考依据，也为司法实践中处理复杂执行案件提供了新的思路，有助于实现债权公平受偿，维护司法公正和社会稳定。
关键词：民事执行参与分配制度；债权平等原则；清偿顺序
Abstract
The participation in distribution system in civil enforcement is a crucial legal mechanism for addressing the compensation of multiple creditors from the same debtor's assets. As the market economy develops and judicial practices deepen, existing systems have gradually revealed numerous issues. This study aims to systematically investigate China’s civil enforcement participation in distribution system, analyzing its legislative and practical deficiencies to provide theoretical support for improving this system. Employing empirical analysis, this research collects and organizes representative case data from across the country and integrates insights from foreign legislation, identifying problems such as narrow applicability, irregular initiation procedures, and ambiguous repayment priorities in the current system. The findings indicate the necessity for reforms including expanding the scope of applicable entities, optimizing initiation procedures, and clarifying repayment orders. Innovatively, this study proposes constructing a new distribution system based on the principle of equality among creditors while considering preferential protection for special claims, and suggests incorporating information technology to enhance enforcement efficiency. This research not only offers reference for revising China’s civil enforcement law but also provides new approaches for handling complex enforcement cases in judicial practice, contributing to fair debt repayment, judicial justice, and social stability.
Keywords：Civil Enforcement Participation Distribution System; Creditor Equality Principle; Order Of Satisfaction
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状 1
(三) 研究方法与思路 2
二、参与分配制度的理论基础 2
(一) 民事执行的基本原则 2
(二) 参与分配的法理依据 3
(三) 制度设计的价值取向 4
三、参与分配制度的运行现状 4
(一) 实践中的适用范围 5
(二) 分配程序的操作流程 5
(三) 存在的主要问题 6
四、完善参与分配制度的建议 7
(一) 优化适用条件 7
(二) 改进分配程序 7
(三) 强化监督机制 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
民事执行中的参与分配制度是解决多个债权人对同一债务人财产进行受偿的重要法律机制，随着市场经济的发展和司法实践的深入，现行制度逐渐暴露出诸多问题。本文旨在通过对我国民事执行参与分配制度的系统研究，剖析其在立法与实践层面存在的缺陷，为完善该制度提供理论支持。基于实证分析方法，通过收集整理全国范围内具有代表性的案例数据，并结合域外相关立法经验，发现现行制度存在适用范围狭窄、启动程序不规范、清偿顺序模糊等问题。研究结果表明，有必要从扩大适用主体范围、优化启动程序、明确清偿顺序等方面进行改革。创新性地提出构建以债权平等原则为基础，兼顾特殊债权优先保护的新型分配体系，同时引入信息化手段提高执行效率。本研究不仅为我国民事执行法的修订提供了参考依据，也为司法实践中处理复杂执行案件提供了新的思路，有助于实现债权公平受偿，维护司法公正和社会稳定。
关键词：民事执行参与分配制度；债权平等原则；清偿顺序
Abstract
The participation in distribution system in civil enforcement is a crucial legal mechanism for addressing the compensation of multiple creditors from the same debtor's assets. As the market economy develops and judicial practices deepen, existing systems have gradually revealed numerous issues. This study aims to systematically investigate China’s civil enforcement participation in distribution system, analyzing its legislative and practical deficiencies to provide theoretical support for improving this system. Employing empirical analysis, this research collects and organizes representative case data from across the country and integrates insights from foreign legislation, identifying problems such as narrow applicability, irregular initiation procedures, and ambiguous repayment priorities in the current system. The findings indicate the necessity for reforms including expanding the scope of applicable entities, optimizing initiation procedures, and clarifying repayment orders. Innovatively, this study proposes constructing a new distribution system based on the principle of equality among creditors while considering preferential protection for special claims, and suggests incorporating information technology to enhance enforcement efficiency. This research not only offers reference for revising China’s civil enforcement law but also provides new approaches for handling complex enforcement cases in judicial practice, contributing to fair debt repayment, judicial justice, and social stability.
Keywords：Civil Enforcement Participation Distribution System; Creditor Equality Principle; Order Of Satisfaction
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状 1
(三) 研究方法与思路 2
二、参与分配制度的理论基础 2
(一) 民事执行的基本原则 2
(二) 参与分配的法理依据 3
(三) 制度设计的价值取向 4
三、参与分配制度的运行现状 4
(一) 实践中的适用范围 5
(二) 分配程序的操作流程 5
(三) 存在的主要问题 6
四、完善参与分配制度的建议 7
(一) 优化适用条件 7
(二) 改进分配程序 7
(三) 强化监督机制 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
