摘要
随着社会经济的发展和家庭结构的变化，夫妻财产制作为婚姻家庭法的重要组成部分，其合理构建对维护家庭稳定、保障个人财产权益具有重要意义。本研究旨在比较分析不同国家和地区夫妻财产制的立法模式、制度设计及其运行效果，以期为我国夫妻财产制的完善提供参考。通过对大陆法系与英美法系主要国家夫妻财产制的文献梳理、案例分析以及实地调研，发现各国在法定财产制与约定财产制的选择、夫妻共同财产范围界定、债务清偿机制等方面存在显著差异。研究结果表明，我国现行夫妻财产制在适应现代社会需求方面存在一定不足，如约定财产制适用率低、共同财产范围界定模糊等。本研究创新性地提出应构建更加灵活多元的夫妻财产制体系，强化约定财产制的功能，明确共同财产与个人财产界限，并建立合理的债务分担机制。这不仅有助于提升夫妻双方的财产权利意识，也为司法实践提供了更具操作性的指导方案，从而推动我国婚姻家庭法律制度的现代化进程。
关键词：夫妻财产制；法定财产制与约定财产制；共同财产范围
Abstract
With the development of socioeconomic conditions and changes in family structures, the marital property system, as a crucial component of matrimonial and family law, plays an essential role in maintaining family stability and protecting individual property rights. This study aims to comparatively analyze the legislative models, institutional designs, and operational effects of marital property systems across different countries and regions to provide insights for improving China's marital property system. Through a comprehensive review of literature, case analysis, and field research on major countries within both civil law and common law jurisdictions, significant differences were identified in the selection between statutory and contractual property regimes, the definition of jointly owned property, and debt repayment mechanisms. The findings indicate that China's current marital property system has certain inadequacies in adapting to modern societal needs, such as low utilization rates of contractual property arrangements and ambiguous definitions of jointly owned property. Innovatively, this study proposes constructing a more flexible and diverse marital property system by enhancing the functionality of contractual property arrangements, clearly delineating between jointly owned and personal property, and establishing a reasonable debt-sharing mechanism. Such measures not only help enhance awareness of property rights among spouses but also offer more operational guidance for judicial practices, thereby promoting the modernization of China's matrimonial and family legal system.
Keywords：Marital Property System; Statutory Property System And Agreed Property System; Community Property Scope
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状 1
(三) 研究方法与思路 2
二、夫妻财产制的理论基础 2
(一) 夫妻财产制的概念界定 2
(二) 夫妻财产制的历史发展 3
(三) 各国夫妻财产制的立法原则 4
三、主要国家夫妻财产制比较 5
(一) 法定财产制的模式差异 5
(二) 约定财产制的适用范围 5
(三) 财产分割规则的比较分析 6
四、我国夫妻财产制的现状与挑战 6
(一) 我国法定财产制的特点 7
(二) 我国约定财产制的实践 7
(三) 当前制度面临的困境与争议 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
随着社会经济的发展和家庭结构的变化，夫妻财产制作为婚姻家庭法的重要组成部分，其合理构建对维护家庭稳定、保障个人财产权益具有重要意义。本研究旨在比较分析不同国家和地区夫妻财产制的立法模式、制度设计及其运行效果，以期为我国夫妻财产制的完善提供参考。通过对大陆法系与英美法系主要国家夫妻财产制的文献梳理、案例分析以及实地调研，发现各国在法定财产制与约定财产制的选择、夫妻共同财产范围界定、债务清偿机制等方面存在显著差异。研究结果表明，我国现行夫妻财产制在适应现代社会需求方面存在一定不足，如约定财产制适用率低、共同财产范围界定模糊等。本研究创新性地提出应构建更加灵活多元的夫妻财产制体系，强化约定财产制的功能，明确共同财产与个人财产界限，并建立合理的债务分担机制。这不仅有助于提升夫妻双方的财产权利意识，也为司法实践提供了更具操作性的指导方案，从而推动我国婚姻家庭法律制度的现代化进程。
关键词：夫妻财产制；法定财产制与约定财产制；共同财产范围
Abstract
With the development of socioeconomic conditions and changes in family structures, the marital property system, as a crucial component of matrimonial and family law, plays an essential role in maintaining family stability and protecting individual property rights. This study aims to comparatively analyze the legislative models, institutional designs, and operational effects of marital property systems across different countries and regions to provide insights for improving China's marital property system. Through a comprehensive review of literature, case analysis, and field research on major countries within both civil law and common law jurisdictions, significant differences were identified in the selection between statutory and contractual property regimes, the definition of jointly owned property, and debt repayment mechanisms. The findings indicate that China's current marital property system has certain inadequacies in adapting to modern societal needs, such as low utilization rates of contractual property arrangements and ambiguous definitions of jointly owned property. Innovatively, this study proposes constructing a more flexible and diverse marital property system by enhancing the functionality of contractual property arrangements, clearly delineating between jointly owned and personal property, and establishing a reasonable debt-sharing mechanism. Such measures not only help enhance awareness of property rights among spouses but also offer more operational guidance for judicial practices, thereby promoting the modernization of China's matrimonial and family legal system.
Keywords：Marital Property System; Statutory Property System And Agreed Property System; Community Property Scope
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状 1
(三) 研究方法与思路 2
二、夫妻财产制的理论基础 2
(一) 夫妻财产制的概念界定 2
(二) 夫妻财产制的历史发展 3
(三) 各国夫妻财产制的立法原则 4
三、主要国家夫妻财产制比较 5
(一) 法定财产制的模式差异 5
(二) 约定财产制的适用范围 5
(三) 财产分割规则的比较分析 6
四、我国夫妻财产制的现状与挑战 6
(一) 我国法定财产制的特点 7
(二) 我国约定财产制的实践 7
(三) 当前制度面临的困境与争议 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
