玉米秸秆还田对土壤肥力的影响 -农学专业

摘要

随着农业可持续发展理念的深入，秸秆还田成为提升土壤肥力的重要途径。本研究聚焦玉米秸秆还田对土壤肥力的影响，旨在揭示其在改善土壤结构、提高养分含量及促进微生物活性方面的机制。选取典型玉米种植区为研究对象，设置不同秸秆还田量处理，通过连续多年定位试验，定期采集土样，测定土壤物理、化学和生物学性质指标。结果表明，玉米秸秆还田能够显著增加土壤有机质含量，改善土壤团聚体结构，使土壤容重降低，孔隙度增大，增强土壤通气性和保水性；有效提高土壤中全氮、速效钾等养分含量，其中全氮含量增幅尤为明显；促进土壤微生物数量增长，优化微生物群落结构，提高土壤酶活性，进而加速土壤物质循环与能量转化。

关键词：秸秆还田；土壤肥力；玉米种植；微生物活性

EFFECT OF CORN STRAW RETURNING TO FIELD ON SOIL FERTILITY

ABSTRACT

With the deepening of the concept of sustainable development of agriculture, straw returning to the field has become an important way to improve soil fertility. This study focused on the effects of corn straw returning on soil fertility, aiming to reveal the mechanism of improving soil structure, increasing nutrient content and promoting microbial activity. The typical maize growing area was selected as the research ob ject, and different straw return amounts were set up. Soil samples were collected regularly through continuous multi-year positioning tests, and soil physical, chemical and biological property indexes were determined. The results showed that corn straw returning could significantly increase soil organic matter content, improve soil aggregate structure, reduce soil bulk density, increase soil porosity, and enhance soil aeration and water retention. The content of total nitrogen and available potassium in soil was increased effectively, and the increase of total nitrogen was particularly obvious. Promote the growth of soil microbial population, optimize microbial community structure, improve soil enzyme activity, and then accelerate soil material circulation and energy conversion.

KEY WORDS：Straw returning to field; Soil fertility; Maize cultivation; Microbial activity

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 2

1.1 研究背景及意义 2

1.2 玉米秸秆还田与土壤肥力的研究现状 2

第2章玉米秸秆还田对土壤物理性质的影响 3

2.1 秸秆还田后土壤结构的改变 3

2.2 土壤通气性与水分保持能力的变化 3

2.3 秸秆分解对土壤团聚体的影响 4

2.4 土壤温度与秸秆还田的关系 4

第3章玉米秸秆还田对土壤化学性质及微生物活性的影响 6