犬细小病毒感染的流行病学调查与防治策略研究 -动物医学专业

摘要

犬细小病毒感染是威胁犬类健康的重要传染病，其流行病学特征和防治策略的研究对公共卫生和动物健康具有重要意义。本研究旨在系统分析中国部分地区犬细小病毒的流行现状，评估现有防治措施的有效性，并提出优化策略。通过多中心横断面调查，收集2020年至2022年间来自北京、上海、广州等地的犬只血清样本及临床数据，采用ELISA检测病毒抗体滴度，结合PCR技术进行病毒基因分型。结果显示，CPV-2c型病毒在样本中占比最高，其次是CPV-2a型，表明CPV-2c已成为主要流行毒株。季节性分析表明，春季和秋季为感染高峰期，幼犬感染率显著高于成年犬。疫苗接种覆盖率与感染率呈显著负相关，但部分地区的疫苗保护效果因病毒变异而下降。基于上述发现，本研究提出三点创新性建议：一是加强病毒变异监测，及时更新疫苗株；二是推广区域性免疫规划，提高幼犬早期接种率；三是建立多部门协作的疫情预警机制。研究结果为优化犬细小病毒防控策略提供了科学依据，对降低疾病传播风险、保障动物福利具有重要实践意义。

关键词：犬细小病毒；流行病学特征；防治策略；病毒基因分型

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION AND CONTROL STRATEGY OF CANINE PARVOVIRUS INFECTION

ABSTRACT

Canine parvovirus infection is an important infectious disease threatening the health of dogs, and the study of its epidemiological characteristics and control strategies is of great significance to public health and animal health. The aim of this study was to systematically analyze the epidemic status of canine parvovirus in some areas of China, evaluate the effectiveness of existing control measures, and propose optimization strategies. The serum samples and clinical data of dogs from Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other places from 2020 to 2022 were collected through a multi-center cross-sectional survey. The virus antibody titer was detected by ELISA, and the virus genotyping was performed by PCR. The results showed that CPV-2c virus accounted for the highest proportion in the samples, followed by CPV-2a virus, indicating that CPV-2c has become the main circulating strain. Seasonal analysis showed that spring and autumn were the peak of infection, and the infection rate of puppies was significantly higher than that of adult dogs. There was a significant negative correlation between vaccination coverage and infection rate, but the effect of vaccine protection was decreased in some areas due to virus mutation. Based on the above findings, three innovative suggestions were put forward in this study: first, strengthen virus mutation monitoring and timely update vaccine strains; The second is to promote regional immunization programs to improve early puppy vaccination rates; Third, establish a multi-sectoral early warning mechanism. The research results provide a scientific basis for optimizing the prevention and control strategy of canine parvovirus, and have important practical significance for reducing the risk of disease transmission and ensuring animal welfare.

KEY WORDS：Canine parvovirus; Epidemiological characteristics; Prevention and control strategies; Virus genotyping

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 2

1.1 研究背景及意义 2

1.2 犬细小病毒感染研究现状综述 2

第2章犬细小病毒感染的流行病学特征分析 4

2.1 犬细小病毒的传播途径与流行规律 4

2.2 犬细小病毒感染的时空分布特征 4

2.3 犬细小病毒感染的高危因素分析 5

第3章犬细小病毒感染的防治策略研究 6

3.1 犬细小病毒感染的预防措施优化 6