股权转让中优先购买权的法律问题及对策研究

摘要 

本文旨在探讨优先购买权在股权转让中的适用性问题及其优化对策。首先，概述了优先购买权的定义、特征与法律性质，明确了其作为特定主体在同等条件下优先于他人购买特定财产或权利的权利基础。随后，聚焦于股权转让领域，深入分析了优先购买权的法律基础与性质界定，阐述了其行使的具体条件与程序，并讨论了如何在股东权益保护与交易效率之间实现利益平衡与冲突解决。针对股权转让中优先购买权面临的法律问题，本文指出同等条件界定模糊、标准不明确可能导致的利益损害风险，以及行使期限与方式缺乏明确规定、公司章程自治不足等现实问题。这些问题不仅影响了优先购买权的有效行使，也增加了交易的不确定性和复杂性，本文提出了若干对策：建议引入第三方评估机制以确保“同等条件”的公平合理；明确界定相关标准，并建立异议处理机制，以保障各方权益；通过立法明确行使期限，减少法律适用的模糊地带；细化行使方式的具体规定，提高法律的可操作性；同时，强调增强公司章程意识，充分发挥章程在公司治理中的自治功能，为优先购买权的行使提供更加清晰、具体的制度保障。

关键词：股权转让；优先购买权；法律问题


Abstract

This paper aims to discuss the applicability of preemptive right in equity transfer and its optimization countermeasures. First of all, the definition, characteristics and legal nature of the preemptive right are summarized, and the right basis for a specific subject to purchase specific property or rights under the same conditions is clarified. Then, focusing on the field of equity transfer, the paper deeply analyzes the legal basis and the definition of the nature of the preemptive right, expounds the specific conditions and procedures of its exercise, and discusses how to realize the interest balance and conflict resolution between the protection of shareholders' rights and interests and the transaction efficiency. In view of the legal problems faced by the preemptive right in the transfer of equity, this paper points out the practical problems of interest damage to the risks caused by the vague definition of the same conditions and the unclear standard, as well as the lack of clear provisions on the exercise of the period and way, and the lack of autonomy of the articles of association. These problems not only affect the effective exercise of the preemptive right, but also increase the uncertainty and complexity of the transaction. This paper puts forward several countermeasures: introduce a third-party evaluation mechanism to ensure the fairness and rationality of "equal conditions"; clearly define the relevant standards and establish the ob jection handling mechanism to protect the rights and interests of all parties; reduce the fuzzy zone of the law; refine the specific provisions of the exercise mode, and improve the operability of the law; At the same time, it is emphasized to enhance the awareness of the articles of association, give full play to the autonomous function of the articles of association in the corporate governance, and provide a clearer and more specific institutional guarantee for the exercise of the preemptive right.

Keywords：Transfer of equity; preemption; legal issues


目  录

摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
（一）研究背景及意义 1
（二）研究目的和内容 1
（三）国内外研究现状 1
二、优先购买权相关概述 3
（一）优先购买权的定义 3
（二）优先购买权的特征 3
（三）优先购买权的法律性质 3
三、优先购买权在股权转让中的适用性分析 5
（一）法律基础与性质界定 5
（二）行使条件与程序 5
（三）利益平衡与冲突解决 5
四、股权转让中优先购买权的法律问题 7
（一）标准不明确 7
（二）利益损害风险 7
（三）行使期限缺乏明确规定 7
（四）行使方式缺乏具体规定 8
五、优先购买权在股权转让中的优化对策 9
（一）明确界定标准 9
（二）建立异议机制 9
（三）立法明确期限 9
（四）立法细化规定 10
结 论 11
参考文献 12