摘 要
本文深入探讨了农业废弃物转化为生物炭的过程及其作为土壤改良剂的潜在价值，同时详细分析了生物炭在土壤中对重金属污染的治理效果。首先，本文概述了生物炭的基本定义、独特特性以及当前主要的制备技术，并指出了影响生物炭质量的关键因素，如原料类型、热解温度及时间等。接着，详细描述了从农业废弃物出发，在实验室及实地环境中制备生物炭的具体流程。在土壤改良方面，本文全面阐述了生物炭在提高土壤肥力、优化土壤结构、调节土壤酸碱度及电导率、以及增强土壤微生物活性等方面的显著效果。生物炭的多孔结构和丰富的官能团使其成为一种高效的土壤改良剂，能够显著提升土壤的整体质量。此外，本文还深入探讨了生物炭在土壤重金属污染治理中的应用。通过静电吸附、离子交换、络合反应及沉淀作用等多种机制，生物炭能够有效吸附并固定土壤中的重金属离子，从而降低其迁移性和生物可利用性。本文进一步分析了温度、pH值、离子强度等环境因素对生物炭重金属吸附性能的影响，为优化生物炭在土壤修复中的应用提供了理论依据。
关键词：农业废弃物；生物炭；土壤改良；重金属吸附；环境治理；农业可持续发展
PREPARATION OF BIOCHAR FROM AGRICULTURAL WASTE AND ITS EFFECT ON SOIL IMPROVEMENT
ABSTRACT
In this paper, the conversion process of agricultural waste to biochar and its potential value as a soil amendment were discussed, and the effect of biochar on soil heavy me tal pollution was analyzed in detail. Firstly, the basic definition, unique characteristics and current main preparation techniques of biochar are summarized in this paper, and the key factors affecting the quality of biochar are pointed out, such as the type of raw material, pyrolysis temperature and time. Then, the process of preparing biochar from agricultural waste in laboratory and field environment is described in detail. In terms of soil improvement, this paper comprehensively expounds the significant effects of biochar in improving soil fertility, optimizing soil structure, regulating soil pH and conductivity, and enhancing soil microbial activity. Biochar's porous structure and rich functional groups make it a highly effective soil amendment that can significantly improve the overall quality of soil. In addition, the application of biochar in soil heavy me tal pollution control was discussed. Through various mechanisms such as electrostatic adsorption, ion exchange, complexation reaction and precipitation, biochar can effectively adsorb and fix heavy me tal ions in soil, thereby reducing its migration and bioavailability. This paper further analyzed the influence of environmental factors such as temperature, pH value and ionic strength on the heavy me tal adsorption performance of biochar, which provided a theoretical basis for optimizing the application of biochar in soil remediation.
KEY WORDS：Agricultural waste; Biochar; Soil improvement; Heavy me tal adsorption; Environmental governance; Agricultural sustainable development
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
目 录 1
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究目的及意义 1
第2章 农业废弃物制备生物炭的原理与方法 2
2.1 生物炭的定义与特性 2
2.2 制备生物炭的常见技术 2
2.3 影响生物炭质量的关键因素 2
2.4 实验室与实地制备流程 2
第3章 农业废弃物生物炭的土壤改良效应 4
3.1 提高土壤肥力 4
3.2 改善土壤结构 4
3.3 调节土壤pH与电导率 4
3.4 增强土壤微生物活性 4
第4章 生物炭对土壤中重金属的吸附与固定策略 6
4.1 静电吸附 6
4.2 离子交换 6
4.3 络合反应 7
4.4 沉淀作用 7
第5章 结论与展望 9
参考文献 10
致 谢 11
