摘 要
本文全面探讨了农业废弃物中秸秆的资源化利用技术，旨在通过深入分析当前技术路径及其面临的挑战，提出有效的优化对策，以促进秸秆的高效利用和农业可持续发展。研究首先概述了秸秆资源化利用的重要性，随后详细阐述了秸秆直接还田、生物质能源转化、饲料化加工及基料化利用等多种技术路径，并分析了每种技术的优势与局限性。在探讨技术路径的同时，本文也指出了秸秆资源化利用过程中面临的多重挑战，包括技术成熟度与实用性不足、收集储运体系不完善导致的成本高企、经济成本难以控制以及政策激励机制的缺失等。这些挑战严重制约了秸秆资源化利用技术的推广与应用。针对上述问题，本文提出了一系列优化对策，包括加强技术研发与创新，促进跨学科技术融合；完善收集储运体系，提高储运效率与标准化水平；通过提高资源利用效率、优化工艺流程及建立成本核算与控制体系来降低经济成本；同时，呼吁政府完善政策激励机制，设立专项财政补贴、制定税收优惠政策并加强法律法规建设与监管，以激发市场活力，推动秸秆资源化利用技术的广泛应用。
关键词：农业废弃物;秸秆;资源化利用;优化对策;可持续发展
Abstract
In this paper, the resource utilization technology of straw in agricultural waste is comprehensively discussed, aiming to put forward effective optimization countermeasures through in-depth analysis of the current technology path and the challenges it faces, so as to promote the efficient utilization of straw and the sustainable development of agriculture. Firstly, the importance of straw resource utilization is summarized, and then many technical paths such as straw direct return to field, biomass energy conversion, feed processing and base material utilization are elaborated, and the advantages and limitations of each technology are analyzed. At the same time, the paper also pointed out the multiple challenges in the process of straw resource utilization, including the lack of technical maturity and practicability, the high cost caused by the imperfect collection, storage and transportation system, the difficult to control the economic cost and the lack of policy incentive mechanism. These challenges seriously restrict the popularization and application of straw resource utilization technology. To solve the above problems, this paper puts forward a series of optimization countermeasures, including strengthening technology research and development and innovation, promoting interdisciplinary technology integration; Improve the collection and transportation system, improve the efficiency and standardization of storage and transportation; To reduce economic cost by improving resource utilization efficiency, optimizing process flow and establishing cost accounting and control system; At the same time, the government is called on to improve the policy incentive mechanism, set up special financial subsidies, formulate preferential tax policies and strengthen the construction and supervision of laws and regulations, in order to stimulate the market vitality and promote the wide application of straw resource utilization technology.
Keywords：Agricultural waste; Straw; Resource utilization; Optimization strategy; Sustainable development
目 录
引 言 1
第一章 秸秆资源化利用技术研究 2
1.1 直接还田技术 2
1.2 生物质能源利用技术 2
1.3 饲料化技术 3
1.4 基料化技术 4
第二章 秸秆资源化利用技术面临的挑战 5
2.1 技术成熟度与实用性不足 5
2.2 收集、储运难度大 5
2.3 经济成本高 5
2.4 政策激励机制不完善 6
第三章 秸秆资源化利用技术应用的优化对策 7
3.1 加强技术研发与创新 7
3.2 完善收集储运体系 8
3.3 降低经济成本 8
3.4 完善政策激励机制 9
结 论 11
参考文献 12
致 谢 13
