超临界流体萃取技术在天然产物提取中的应用研究
摘要
本文全面探讨了超临界流体萃取技术（SFE）的原理、设备、应用挑战及改进策略。阐述超临界流体萃取技术的基本原理，即利用超临界流体作为溶剂，在特定温度和压力下，对目标物质进行高效、环保的提取。当前超临界流体萃取技术面临的多重挑战。技术与设备方面，高成本设备投入和操作复杂性限制了技术的普及；物性限制则体现在对特定物质的溶解度不足和选择性调整困难上；经济与规模化方面，高昂的生产成本和规模化生产的难题阻碍了技术的商业化进程；此外，环境与安全问题也不容忽视，包括萃取过程对环境的影响及操作过程中的安全隐患。针对上述挑战，提出了针对性的改进策略。在设备设计方面，通过优化设备结构和材料，降低成本并简化操作流程；在溶剂性能方面，致力于提升溶解度技术和优化选择性策略，以增强萃取效果；在成本与规模化方面，采取多种措施降低生产成本，并推进规模化生产技术的研发；最后，坚持绿色安全优先的原则，研发环保溶剂并强化安全管理，确保技术的可持续发展。
关键词：超临界流体萃取；技术原理；天然产物提取
Abstract
This paper comprehensively discusses the principle, equipment, application challenges and improvement strategies of supercritical fluid extraction technology (SFE). The basic principle of supercritical fluid extraction technology is expounded, that is, using supercritical fluid as solvent to extract the target material under specific temperature and pressure. Multiple challenges facing current supercritical fluid extraction technologies. In terms of technology and equipment, high cost equipment input and operation complexity limit the popularization of technology; the insufficient solubility of specific substances and selective adjustment; the high production cost and scale production hinder the commercialization of technology; moreover, environmental and safety problems cannot be ignored, including the environmental impact of extraction process and the safety hazard in the operation process. For the above challenges, targeted improvement strategies are proposed. In terms of equipment design, by optimizing the equipment structure and materials, reduce cost and simplify the operation process; in terms of solvent performance, it is committed to improve solubility technology and optimize selective strategy to enhance the extraction effect; in terms of cost and scale, adopt various measures to reduce production cost and promote the research and development of large-scale production technology; finally, adhere to the principle of green and safety first, develop environmental protection solvent and strengthen safety management to ensure the sustainable development of technology.
Keywords：Supercritical fluid extraction; Technical principle; Natural product extraction
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
（一）研究背景及意义 1
（二）国内外研究现状 1
（三）研究目的和内容 2
二、超临界流体萃取技术原理与设备 3
（一）技术原理 3
（二）萃取设备与流程 3
三、超临界流体萃取技术在天然产物提取中的应用案例 4
（一）植物精油提取 4
（二）中药有效成分提取 4
（三）食品添加剂与功能性成分提取 4
四、超临界流体萃取在特定天然产物中的应用 4
（一）在精油提取中的应用 4
（二）在药用植物活性成分提取中的应用 5
（三）在食品添加剂提取中的应用 5
五、超临界流体萃取技术的挑战 6
（一）技术与设备限制 6
（二）物性限制 6
（三）经济与规模化 6
（四）环境与安全 7
六、超临界流体萃取技术改进策略 8
6.1 优化设备设计 8
6.2 增强溶剂性能 8
6.3 降低成本规模化 9
6.4 绿色安全优先 9
结 论 11
参考文献 12
