摘 要
氮肥对农业生产至关重要，主要含氮素，影响植物生长。它分为多种类型，包括快速和缓释型，功能是提升光合作用、改善农产品质量、提供必需氮素。在旱地玉米生产中，氮肥能显著促进生长、提高产量和植株健壮度，但过量使用会导致倒伏、贪青晚熟、土壤质量下降和环境污染。为减少负面影响，应推广抗倒伏品种、合理控制施用量、采用配方施肥技术，并通过管理措施减少挥发和流失，以实现可持续发展。
关键词：氮肥过量；玉米产量；抗倒伏
EFFECT OF EXCESSIVE USE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON CORN YIELD IN DRY LAND AND ITS COUNTERMEASURES
ABSTRACT
Nitrogen fertilizer is essential for agricultural production, mainly containing nitrogen and affecting plant growth. It is divided into many types, including the fast and slow-release type, which functions to improve photosynthesis, improve the quality of agricultural products, and provide essential nitrogen. In upland maize production, nitrogen fertilizer can significantly promote growth, improve yield and plant robustness, but excessive use can cause lodging, late ripening, decreased soil quality and environmental pollution. To reduce the negative impact, lodging resistant varieties should be promoted, reasonably control the application dosage, adopt formula fertilization technology, and reduce volatilization and loss through management measures to achieve sustainable development.
KEY WORDS：Excess nitrogen fertilizer; Corn yield; Lodging resistance
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
第2章 相关理论概述 2
2.1 氮肥的化学组成 2
2.2 氮肥的分类 2
2.3 氮肥的功能 3
第3章 氮肥在旱地玉米生产中的作用 4
3.1 促进玉米生长 4
3.2 提高玉米产量 4
3.3 促进植株的健壮生长 4
3.4 影响产量构成因素 4
第4章 氮肥过量使用对旱地玉米产量造成的影响 6
4.1 倒伏风险增加 6
4.2 贪青晚熟 6
4.3 产量下降 6
4.4 环境污染 6
第5章 减少氮肥过量使用的对策 8
5.1 推广抗倒伏品种 8
5.2 适时追肥 8
5.3 采用配方施肥 8
5.4 减少氮肥的挥发 9
第6章 结论 10
参考文献 11
致 谢 12
