家禽禽流感病毒传播机制及防控措施
摘 要
家禽禽流感病毒（Avian Influenza Virus, AIV）是一种严重威胁全球家禽养殖业和公共卫生的病原体。近年来，随着全球化贸易和气候变化的影响，AIV的传播范围和频率显著增加，尤其是在中国等家禽养殖密集地区。本研究旨在深入探讨AIV的传播机制，并提出有效的防控措施。通过对中国多个省份的家禽养殖场进行实地调查，结合实验室病毒分离与基因测序技术，研究发现AIV主要通过空气传播、接触传播和粪口途径在禽类群体中扩散。此外，病毒在不同环境条件下的存活能力与其基因型密切相关，H5N1和H7N9等高致病性毒株表现出更强的传播潜力。基于这些发现，本研究提出了一套综合防控策略，包括改善养殖环境、加强生物安全措施、优化疫苗接种方案以及建立早期预警系统。
关键词：家禽禽流感病毒；传播机制；防控策略
TRANSMISSION MECHANISM AND PREVENTION AND CONTROL MEASURES OF AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS IN POULTRY
ABSTRACT
The poultry avian influenza virus (Avian Influenza Virus, AIV) is a serious threat to the global poultry industry and public health pathogen. In recent years, with the impact of global trade and climate change, the range and frequency of AIV transmission have increased significantly, especially in poultry-intensive areas such as China. This study aims to explore the transmission mechanism of AIV deeply and propose effective prevention and control measures. Through field surveys of poultry farms in several provinces in China, combined with laboratory virus isolation and gene sequencing technology, we found that AIV mainly spreads among poultry populations through airborne transmission, contact transmission and fecal-oral route. Moreover, the viability of viruses under different environmental conditions is closely related to its genotype, and highly pathogenic strains such as H5N1 and H7N9 show stronger transmission potential. Based on these findings, this study proposes a comprehensive set of integrated prevention and control strategies, including improving the farming environment, strengthening biosecurity measures, optimizing vaccination programs, and establishing an early warning system.
KEY WORDS：Avian influenza virus in poultry; transmission mechanism; prevention and control strategy
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究目的和内容 1
第2章 家禽禽流感病毒的传播途径与模式 2
2.1 空气传播机制的生物学基础 2
2.2 接触传播的流行病学特征 2
2.3 粪口传播的潜在风险评估 3
第3章 家禽禽流感病毒的宿主特异性与变异 4
3.1 病毒在不同家禽宿主中的适应性 4
3.2 病毒基因组变异对传播的影响 4
3.3 跨物种传播的可能性分析 4
第4章 家禽禽流感病毒的防控策略与实践 6
4.1 疫苗接种的有效性与局限性 6
4.2 养殖环境的生物安全措施 6
4.3 疫情监测与应急响应机制 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
摘 要
家禽禽流感病毒（Avian Influenza Virus, AIV）是一种严重威胁全球家禽养殖业和公共卫生的病原体。近年来，随着全球化贸易和气候变化的影响，AIV的传播范围和频率显著增加，尤其是在中国等家禽养殖密集地区。本研究旨在深入探讨AIV的传播机制，并提出有效的防控措施。通过对中国多个省份的家禽养殖场进行实地调查，结合实验室病毒分离与基因测序技术，研究发现AIV主要通过空气传播、接触传播和粪口途径在禽类群体中扩散。此外，病毒在不同环境条件下的存活能力与其基因型密切相关，H5N1和H7N9等高致病性毒株表现出更强的传播潜力。基于这些发现，本研究提出了一套综合防控策略，包括改善养殖环境、加强生物安全措施、优化疫苗接种方案以及建立早期预警系统。
关键词：家禽禽流感病毒；传播机制；防控策略
TRANSMISSION MECHANISM AND PREVENTION AND CONTROL MEASURES OF AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS IN POULTRY
ABSTRACT
The poultry avian influenza virus (Avian Influenza Virus, AIV) is a serious threat to the global poultry industry and public health pathogen. In recent years, with the impact of global trade and climate change, the range and frequency of AIV transmission have increased significantly, especially in poultry-intensive areas such as China. This study aims to explore the transmission mechanism of AIV deeply and propose effective prevention and control measures. Through field surveys of poultry farms in several provinces in China, combined with laboratory virus isolation and gene sequencing technology, we found that AIV mainly spreads among poultry populations through airborne transmission, contact transmission and fecal-oral route. Moreover, the viability of viruses under different environmental conditions is closely related to its genotype, and highly pathogenic strains such as H5N1 and H7N9 show stronger transmission potential. Based on these findings, this study proposes a comprehensive set of integrated prevention and control strategies, including improving the farming environment, strengthening biosecurity measures, optimizing vaccination programs, and establishing an early warning system.
KEY WORDS：Avian influenza virus in poultry; transmission mechanism; prevention and control strategy
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究目的和内容 1
第2章 家禽禽流感病毒的传播途径与模式 2
2.1 空气传播机制的生物学基础 2
2.2 接触传播的流行病学特征 2
2.3 粪口传播的潜在风险评估 3
第3章 家禽禽流感病毒的宿主特异性与变异 4
3.1 病毒在不同家禽宿主中的适应性 4
3.2 病毒基因组变异对传播的影响 4
3.3 跨物种传播的可能性分析 4
第4章 家禽禽流感病毒的防控策略与实践 6
4.1 疫苗接种的有效性与局限性 6
4.2 养殖环境的生物安全措施 6
4.3 疫情监测与应急响应机制 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
