摘 要
本文旨在全面探讨创伤骨科术后深静脉血栓（DVT）的形成机制、临床表现、治疗原则、风险因素及护理措施。首先概述了深静脉血栓的定义、发病机制及临床表现，明确了DVT对患者康复的潜在威胁。随后，详细阐述了创伤骨科术后DVT的早期识别与干预、抗凝及溶栓治疗原则，强调了早期治疗对于预防并发症、改善患者预后的重要性。进一步地，本文分析了术前合并疾病、生理解剖特征、术后活动减少及药物使用等因素对DVT发生的影响，为风险评估提供了理论依据。在此基础上，本文重点探讨了创伤骨科术后DVT的护理措施，包括体位与活动的科学指导、间歇性充气压力装置的有效应用、抗凝药物的合理给药与监测，以及肺栓塞的预防与早期识别策略，旨在为临床护理人员提供一套系统、实用的护理方案，以降低DVT的发生率，促进患者早日康复。
关键词：创伤骨科；术后患者；护理研究
Abstract
This paper aims to comprehensively explore the formation mechanism, clinical manifestations, treatment principles, risk factors and nursing measures of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after orthopaedic trauma. First, the definition, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of DVT are outlined, clarifying the potential threat of DVT to patient rehabilitation. Subsequently, the principles of early identification and intervention, anticoagulation and thrombolytic therapy of DVT after orthopedic trauma were elaborated, emphasizing the importance of early treatment to prevent complications and improve patient outcomes. Further, this paper analyzes the influence of preoperative disease, physiological and anatomical characteristics, reduced postoperative activity and drug use on the occurrence of DVT, which provides a theoretical basis for risk assessment. Based on this, this paper focuses on the nursing measures of DVT after trauma orthopedic surgery, including scientific guidance of posture and activity, effective application of intermittent inflatable pressure device, rational administration and monitoring of anticoagulant drugs, and prevention and early identification strategies of pulmonary embolism, aiming to provide a systematic and practical nursing plan for clinical caregivers, so as to reduce the incidence of DVT and promote the early recovery of patients.
Key words: Orthopaedic trauma; postoperative patients; nursing research
目 录
中午摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目 录 III
引 言 1
第1章、创伤骨科术后深静脉血栓概述 2
1.1、深静脉血栓的定义 2
1.2、深静脉血栓的发病机制 2
1.3、深静脉血栓的临床表现 3
第2章、创伤骨科术后患者深静脉血栓的治疗原则 4
2.1、早期识别与干预原则 4
2.2、抗凝治疗原则 4
2.3、溶栓治疗原则 5
第3章、创伤骨科术后深静脉血栓的风险因素 6
3.1、术前合并疾病因素 6
3.2、生理解剖因素 6
3.3、术后因素 7
3.4、药物因素 7
第4章、创伤骨科术后深静脉血栓的护理措施 8
4.1、体位与活动的指导 8
4.2、间歇性充气压力装置的应用 8
4.3、抗凝药物的给药与监测 9
4.4、肺栓塞的预防与识别 9
结 论 10
参考文献 11
