摘 要
先天性心脏病是儿童时期常见的结构性心脏疾病，其围手术期护理质量直接影响患儿的手术效果及预后。本研究旨在探讨系统化、个性化的围手术期护理措施对先天性心脏病患儿的临床意义。通过选取某三甲医院2019年至2021年间120例接受手术治疗的先天性心脏病患儿作为研究对象，采用随机对照试验方法，将患儿分为干预组和对照组，干预组实施综合护理干预，包括心理支持、术前准备优化、术后监护强化及家庭参与模式，而对照组仅接受常规护理。结果显示，干预组患儿术后并发症发生率显著降低，住院时间明显缩短，家属满意度显著提高，且患儿的心理应激反应得到有效缓解。研究表明，针对先天性心脏病患儿制定并实施个性化、系统化的围手术期护理方案，能够显著改善临床结局，提升护理质量。本研究创新性地引入家庭参与模式，并结合多维度评估体系，为同类患者的护理实践提供了新思路与参考依据。关键词：先天性心脏病; 围手术期护理; 个性化护理; 家庭参与模式; 临床结局
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a common structural heart disorder in childhood, and the quality of perioperative care directly impacts surgical outcomes and prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of systematic and personalized perioperative care measures for children with CHD. A total of 120 pediatric patients undergoing surgical treatment for CHD between 2019 and 2021 at a tertiary hospital were selected as research subjects and divided into an intervention group and a control group using a randomized controlled trial method. The intervention group received comprehensive nursing interventions, including psychological support, optimized preoperative preparation, enhanced postoperative monitoring, and family participation models, while the control group received only routine care. The results demonstrated that the incidence of postoperative complications was significantly reduced, length of hospital stay was markedly shortened, family satisfaction was substantially improved, and psychological stress responses in children were effectively alleviated in the intervention group. This study indicates that developing and implementing personalized and systematic perioperative care plans for children with CHD can significantly improve clinical outcomes and enhance the quality of nursing care. Innovatively, this research incorporated a family participation model and a multidimensional evaluation system, providing new insights and reference fr ameworks for nursing practices in similar patient populations.Key words:Congenital Heart Disease; Perioperative Nursing; Individualized Care; Family Participation Model; Clinical Outcome
目 录
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
引 言 1
第1章、围手术期护理概述 2
1.1、围手术期护理定义与范围 2
1.2、先天性心脏病患儿特点分析 2
1.3、护理措施的重要性探讨 3
第2章、术前护理措施研究 4
2.1、心理干预与家庭支持 4
2.2、生理状态评估与优化 4
2.3、术前健康教育与指导 5
第3章、术中护理策略分析 6
3.1、手术配合与监测管理 6
3.2、病情变化的及时应对 6
3.3、患儿生命体征稳定保障 6
第4章、术后康复护理实践 8
4.1、并发症预防与处理 8
4.2、营养支持与恢复促进 8
4.3、出院计划与长期随访 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
