猫上呼吸道感染的病原体多样性研究
摘 要
猫上呼吸道感染是影响猫科动物健康的重要疾病，其病原体多样性复杂且尚未完全阐明。本研究旨在系统分析中国地区猫上呼吸道感染的病原体谱系及其流行病学特征，为临床诊断和防控提供科学依据。研究采集了2020年至2022年间来自全国12个省份的386例疑似FURI病例的鼻咽拭子样本，采用多重PCR技术检测常见病原体，包括猫疱疹病毒、猫杯状病毒、猫衣原体和支原体，并结合高通量测序技术探索未知病原体。结果显示，FHV-1和FCV是最主要的病原体，检出率分别为45.3%和38.6%，且存在显著的地区分布差异；此外，首次在中国猫群中检测到新型支原体菌株，其与临床症状的相关性值得进一步研究。通过基因组分析发现，FCV毒株呈现高度遗传多样性，部分毒株与国外流行株存在显著差异。
关键词：猫上呼吸道感染；病原体谱系；流行病学特征
PATHOGEN DIVERSITY OF UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS IN CATS
ABSTRACT
Upper respiratory tract infection in cats is an important disease affecting the health of cats, and its pathogen diversity is complex and has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study is to systematically analyze the pathogen spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of upper respiratory tract infections in cats in China, so as to provide a scientific basis for clinical diagnosis and prevention and control. The study collected nasopharyngeal swab samples from 386 suspected FURI cases from 12 provinces between 2020 and 2022, used multiplex PCR to detect common pathogens, including feline herpes virus, feline lentivirus, chlamydia and mycoplasma, and combined high-throughput sequencing technology to explore unknown pathogens. The results showed that FHV-1 and FCV were the most important pathogens with detection rates of 45.3% and 38.6%, respectively, with significant differences in regional distribution; moreover, the first novel Mycoplasma strain was detected in Chinese cat group, and its correlation with clinical symptoms deserves further study. Through genomic analysis, it was found that FCV strains were highly genetically diverse, and some strains were significantly different from foreign epidemic strains.
KEY WORDS：Upper respiratory tract infection in cats; spectrum of pathogens; epidemiological characteristics
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究目的和内容 1
第2章 猫上呼吸道感染的病原体种类与分布 2
2.1 常见病原体的分类与特征 2
2.2 病原体的地理分布差异 2
2.3 中国猫群中病原体的流行情况 2
第3章 猫上呼吸道感染的病原体检测方法 4
3.1 传统检测技术的应用与局限 4
3.2 分子生物学检测技术的进展 4
3.3 多重检测方法的开发与优化 5
第4章 猫上呼吸道感染的病原体多样性影响因素 6
4.1 环境因素对病原体多样性的影响 6
4.2 宿主因素与病原体多样性的关系 6
4.3 防控措施对病原体多样性的作用 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
摘 要
猫上呼吸道感染是影响猫科动物健康的重要疾病，其病原体多样性复杂且尚未完全阐明。本研究旨在系统分析中国地区猫上呼吸道感染的病原体谱系及其流行病学特征，为临床诊断和防控提供科学依据。研究采集了2020年至2022年间来自全国12个省份的386例疑似FURI病例的鼻咽拭子样本，采用多重PCR技术检测常见病原体，包括猫疱疹病毒、猫杯状病毒、猫衣原体和支原体，并结合高通量测序技术探索未知病原体。结果显示，FHV-1和FCV是最主要的病原体，检出率分别为45.3%和38.6%，且存在显著的地区分布差异；此外，首次在中国猫群中检测到新型支原体菌株，其与临床症状的相关性值得进一步研究。通过基因组分析发现，FCV毒株呈现高度遗传多样性，部分毒株与国外流行株存在显著差异。
关键词：猫上呼吸道感染；病原体谱系；流行病学特征
PATHOGEN DIVERSITY OF UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS IN CATS
ABSTRACT
Upper respiratory tract infection in cats is an important disease affecting the health of cats, and its pathogen diversity is complex and has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study is to systematically analyze the pathogen spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of upper respiratory tract infections in cats in China, so as to provide a scientific basis for clinical diagnosis and prevention and control. The study collected nasopharyngeal swab samples from 386 suspected FURI cases from 12 provinces between 2020 and 2022, used multiplex PCR to detect common pathogens, including feline herpes virus, feline lentivirus, chlamydia and mycoplasma, and combined high-throughput sequencing technology to explore unknown pathogens. The results showed that FHV-1 and FCV were the most important pathogens with detection rates of 45.3% and 38.6%, respectively, with significant differences in regional distribution; moreover, the first novel Mycoplasma strain was detected in Chinese cat group, and its correlation with clinical symptoms deserves further study. Through genomic analysis, it was found that FCV strains were highly genetically diverse, and some strains were significantly different from foreign epidemic strains.
KEY WORDS：Upper respiratory tract infection in cats; spectrum of pathogens; epidemiological characteristics
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究目的和内容 1
第2章 猫上呼吸道感染的病原体种类与分布 2
2.1 常见病原体的分类与特征 2
2.2 病原体的地理分布差异 2
2.3 中国猫群中病原体的流行情况 2
第3章 猫上呼吸道感染的病原体检测方法 4
3.1 传统检测技术的应用与局限 4
3.2 分子生物学检测技术的进展 4
3.3 多重检测方法的开发与优化 5
第4章 猫上呼吸道感染的病原体多样性影响因素 6
4.1 环境因素对病原体多样性的影响 6
4.2 宿主因素与病原体多样性的关系 6
4.3 防控措施对病原体多样性的作用 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
