糖尿病患者足部并发症的预防与护理研究
摘 要
糖尿病足部并发症是糖尿病患者致残、致死的主要原因之一，其预防与护理对改善患者预后具有重要意义。本研究旨在探讨糖尿病足部并发症的预防策略及护理干预效果，通过回顾性分析2018-2022年某三甲医院收治的320例糖尿病患者的临床资料，采用随机对照试验设计，将患者分为常规护理组和综合干预组各160例。综合干预组在常规护理基础上实施包括血糖控制、足部检查、健康教育、压力缓解等系统性干预措施。研究结果显示，综合干预组患者足部溃疡发生率显著低于常规护理组，且患者自我管理能力评分显著提高。本研究的创新点在于构建了多维度、个性化的糖尿病足部并发症预防体系，并验证了其临床有效性。
关 键 词：糖尿病足部并发症；预防策略；护理干预
Prevention and nursing study of foot complications in diabetic patients
ABSTRACT
Diabetic foot complications are one of the main causes of disability and death in diabetic patients, and their prevention and nursing care are of great significance to improve the prognosis of patients. This study aims to explore the prevention strategy of diabetic foot complications and the effect of nursing intervention. By retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 320 diabetic patients admitted to a grade A hospital from 2018 to 2022, the randomized controlled trial design was used to divide the patients into routine care group and 160 patients in the comprehensive intervention group. The integrated intervention group implemented systematic interventions including glycemic control, foot examination, health education, and stress relief based on routine care. The results showed that the incidence of foot ulcer in the comprehensive intervention group was significantly lower than that in the usual care group, and the patient self-management ability score was significantly improved. The innovation of this study lies in the construction of a multi-dimensional and personalized diabetic foot complication prevention system and verified its clinical effectiveness.
Key words：Diabetic foot complications; prevention strategy; nursing intervention
目 录
摘 要 IABSTRACT II
一、绪论 1
（一）研究背景与意义 1
（二）研究现状 1
二、糖尿病足部并发症的病理机制 3
（一）糖尿病神经病变的发病机制 3
（二）糖尿病血管病变的病理特征 3
（三）足部感染的危险因素分析 4
三、糖尿病足部并发症的预防策略 5
（一）血糖控制与足部护理的关系 5
（二）足部检查与早期干预措施 5
（三）患者教育与自我管理方法 5
四、糖尿病足部并发症的护理实践 7
（一）伤口处理与敷料选择原则 7
（二）压力缓解与鞋具适配技术 7
五、结语 8
参考文献 9
谢辞 10
