奶牛乳腺炎的抗生素治疗与耐药性监测
摘 要
奶牛乳腺炎是影响奶牛健康和生产性能的主要疾病之一，抗生素治疗作为其核心手段，近年来面临日益严峻的耐药性问题。本研究旨在系统评估奶牛乳腺炎的抗生素治疗效果，并建立耐药性监测体系，为临床用药提供科学依据。研究选取某规模化牧场2021-2023年间确诊的乳腺炎病例，采用随机对照试验设计，比较头孢类、青霉素类和四环素类等常用抗生素的治疗效果。通过细菌分离培养、药敏试验和分子生物学检测等方法，分析主要致病菌的耐药谱及耐药基因分布特征。结果显示，金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌是主要致病菌，分别占42.3%和35.7%。头孢噻呋钠治疗组临床治愈率达86.5%，显著高于其他药物组。耐药性监测发现，blaCTX-M和mecA基因检出率分别为31.2%和18.7%，且呈现逐年上升趋势。研究创新性地构建了基于实时荧光定量PCR技术的快速耐药基因检测方法，可在4小时内完成样本检测。
关键词：奶牛乳腺炎；抗生素耐药性；头孢噻呋钠
ANTIBIOTIC TREATMENT AND RESISTANCE MONITORING IN MASTITIS IN DAIRY COWS
ABSTRACT
Cow mastitis is one of the main diseases affecting the health and performance of dairy cows, and antibiotic therapy, as its core means, has faced increasingly severe drug resistance problems in recent years. This study aims to systematically evaluate the antibiotic treatment effect of mastitis in dairy cows and establish a drug resistance monitoring system to provide a scientific basis for clinical medication. The study selected mastitis cases diagnosed in a large-scale pasture between 2021 and 2023, and the randomized controlled trial design was used to compare the treatment effects of commonly used antibiotics such as cephalosporins, penicillin and tetracycline. The drug resistance profile and distribution characteristics of drug resistance genes of major pathogenic bacteria were analyzed by means of bacterial isolation and culture, drug susceptibility test and molecular biology detection. The results showed that S. aureus and Escherichia coli were the main pathogenic bacteria, accounting for 42.3% and 35.7%, respectively. The clinical cure rate of ceftiofur sodium treatment group reached 86.5%, which was significantly higher than that of other drug groups. Drug resistance monitoring found that the detection rates of blaCTX-M and mecA genes were 31.2% and 18.7%, respectively, showing an increasing trend year by year. The research innovatively constructed a rapid drug resistance gene detection method based on real-time quantitative PCR technology, which can complete the sample detection within 4 hours.
KEY WORDS：Mastitis in dairy cows; antibiotic resistance; ceftiofur sodium
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究意义 1
1.3 研究现状 1
第2章 奶牛乳腺炎的病原学特征与抗生素选择 3
2.1 奶牛乳腺炎主要致病菌的分布特征 3
2.2 常用抗生素的作用机制及适应症 3
2.3 抗生素选择的影响因素分析 4
第3章 奶牛乳腺炎抗生素治疗的临床应用研究 5
3.1 不同治疗方案的效果比较研究 5
3.2 抗生素使用对乳品安全的影响评估 5
3.3 临床用药规范化的优化建议 5
第4章 奶牛乳腺炎病原菌耐药性监测与分析 7
4.1 主要致病菌的耐药谱变化趋势 7
4.2 多重耐药菌株的分子流行病学研究 7
4.3 耐药性监测体系的构建与应用 7
第5章 结论 9
参考文献 10
致 谢 11
摘 要
奶牛乳腺炎是影响奶牛健康和生产性能的主要疾病之一，抗生素治疗作为其核心手段，近年来面临日益严峻的耐药性问题。本研究旨在系统评估奶牛乳腺炎的抗生素治疗效果，并建立耐药性监测体系，为临床用药提供科学依据。研究选取某规模化牧场2021-2023年间确诊的乳腺炎病例，采用随机对照试验设计，比较头孢类、青霉素类和四环素类等常用抗生素的治疗效果。通过细菌分离培养、药敏试验和分子生物学检测等方法，分析主要致病菌的耐药谱及耐药基因分布特征。结果显示，金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌是主要致病菌，分别占42.3%和35.7%。头孢噻呋钠治疗组临床治愈率达86.5%，显著高于其他药物组。耐药性监测发现，blaCTX-M和mecA基因检出率分别为31.2%和18.7%，且呈现逐年上升趋势。研究创新性地构建了基于实时荧光定量PCR技术的快速耐药基因检测方法，可在4小时内完成样本检测。
关键词：奶牛乳腺炎；抗生素耐药性；头孢噻呋钠
ANTIBIOTIC TREATMENT AND RESISTANCE MONITORING IN MASTITIS IN DAIRY COWS
ABSTRACT
Cow mastitis is one of the main diseases affecting the health and performance of dairy cows, and antibiotic therapy, as its core means, has faced increasingly severe drug resistance problems in recent years. This study aims to systematically evaluate the antibiotic treatment effect of mastitis in dairy cows and establish a drug resistance monitoring system to provide a scientific basis for clinical medication. The study selected mastitis cases diagnosed in a large-scale pasture between 2021 and 2023, and the randomized controlled trial design was used to compare the treatment effects of commonly used antibiotics such as cephalosporins, penicillin and tetracycline. The drug resistance profile and distribution characteristics of drug resistance genes of major pathogenic bacteria were analyzed by means of bacterial isolation and culture, drug susceptibility test and molecular biology detection. The results showed that S. aureus and Escherichia coli were the main pathogenic bacteria, accounting for 42.3% and 35.7%, respectively. The clinical cure rate of ceftiofur sodium treatment group reached 86.5%, which was significantly higher than that of other drug groups. Drug resistance monitoring found that the detection rates of blaCTX-M and mecA genes were 31.2% and 18.7%, respectively, showing an increasing trend year by year. The research innovatively constructed a rapid drug resistance gene detection method based on real-time quantitative PCR technology, which can complete the sample detection within 4 hours.
KEY WORDS：Mastitis in dairy cows; antibiotic resistance; ceftiofur sodium
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究意义 1
1.3 研究现状 1
第2章 奶牛乳腺炎的病原学特征与抗生素选择 3
2.1 奶牛乳腺炎主要致病菌的分布特征 3
2.2 常用抗生素的作用机制及适应症 3
2.3 抗生素选择的影响因素分析 4
第3章 奶牛乳腺炎抗生素治疗的临床应用研究 5
3.1 不同治疗方案的效果比较研究 5
3.2 抗生素使用对乳品安全的影响评估 5
3.3 临床用药规范化的优化建议 5
第4章 奶牛乳腺炎病原菌耐药性监测与分析 7
4.1 主要致病菌的耐药谱变化趋势 7
4.2 多重耐药菌株的分子流行病学研究 7
4.3 耐药性监测体系的构建与应用 7
第5章 结论 9
参考文献 10
致 谢 11
