水稻精准施肥技术研究及其对产量的影响
摘 要
水稻作为中国主要粮食作物，其产量与施肥管理密切相关。传统施肥方式存在养分利用率低、环境污染等问题，精准施肥技术为解决这一难题提供了新途径。本研究旨在探索水稻精准施肥技术的优化方法及其对产量的影响，以提升肥料利用效率并实现农业可持续发展。研究基于田间试验与模型模拟相结合的方法，在长江中下游地区选取典型水稻种植区，采用土壤养分快速检测技术、遥感监测和地理信息系统（GIS）进行数据采集与分析，构建了基于水稻生长需求的精准施肥模型。通过对比传统施肥与精准施肥的田间试验数据，分析了不同施肥策略对水稻产量、养分吸收及土壤环境的影响。结果表明，精准施肥技术显著提高了氮肥利用率，较传统施肥方式提升了15%-20%，同时减少了10%-15%的肥料用量；水稻产量平均增加8%-12%，且在不同土壤类型和气候条件下均表现出良好的适应性。此外，精准施肥有效降低了土壤中硝酸盐累积风险，减轻了农业面源污染。
关键词：精准施肥；水稻产量；肥料利用率
RESEARCH ON PRECISION FERTILIZATION TECHNOLOGY OF RICE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON YIELD
ABSTRACT
As a major grain crop in China, the yield of rice is closely related to fertilization management. Traditional fertilization method has problems such as low nutrient utilization rate and environmental pollution, and precision fertilization technology provides a new way to solve this problem. This study aims to explore the optimization method of rice precision fertilization technology and its impact on yield to improve the efficiency of fertilizer utilization and achieve sustainable agricultural development. Based on the method of combining field experiment and model simulation, typical rice-growing areas were selected in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and soil nutrient rapid detection technology, remote sensing monitoring and geographic information system (GIS) were used for data collection and analysis, and a precise fertilization model based on the growth needs of rice was constructed. By comparing the field experiment data of traditional fertilization and precision fertilization, the effects of different fertilization strategies on rice yield, nutrient absorption and soil environment. The results show that the precision fertilization technology significantly improved the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer by 15% -20%, and reduced the fertilizer consumption by 10% -15%; the rice yield increased by 8% -12% on average, and showed good adaptability in different soil types and climate conditions. In addition, precision fertilization effectively reduces the cumulative risk of nitrate in the soil and reduces agricultural non-point source pollution.
KEY WORDS：Precision fertilization; rice yield; fertilizer utilization rate
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究目的和内容 1
第2章 水稻精准施肥技术理论基础 2
2.1 精准施肥技术发展历程 2
2.2 水稻养分需求特征分析 2
2.3 精准施肥技术核心原理 3
第3章 水稻精准施肥技术实施方法 4
3.1 土壤养分快速检测技术 4
3.2 变量施肥设备与系统集成 4
3.3 精准施肥决策模型构建 4
第4章 水稻精准施肥对产量的影响机制 6
4.1 不同施肥模式产量对比分析 6
4.2 精准施肥对水稻生长的影响 6
4.3 经济效益与环境效益评估 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
摘 要
水稻作为中国主要粮食作物，其产量与施肥管理密切相关。传统施肥方式存在养分利用率低、环境污染等问题，精准施肥技术为解决这一难题提供了新途径。本研究旨在探索水稻精准施肥技术的优化方法及其对产量的影响，以提升肥料利用效率并实现农业可持续发展。研究基于田间试验与模型模拟相结合的方法，在长江中下游地区选取典型水稻种植区，采用土壤养分快速检测技术、遥感监测和地理信息系统（GIS）进行数据采集与分析，构建了基于水稻生长需求的精准施肥模型。通过对比传统施肥与精准施肥的田间试验数据，分析了不同施肥策略对水稻产量、养分吸收及土壤环境的影响。结果表明，精准施肥技术显著提高了氮肥利用率，较传统施肥方式提升了15%-20%，同时减少了10%-15%的肥料用量；水稻产量平均增加8%-12%，且在不同土壤类型和气候条件下均表现出良好的适应性。此外，精准施肥有效降低了土壤中硝酸盐累积风险，减轻了农业面源污染。
关键词：精准施肥；水稻产量；肥料利用率
RESEARCH ON PRECISION FERTILIZATION TECHNOLOGY OF RICE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON YIELD
ABSTRACT
As a major grain crop in China, the yield of rice is closely related to fertilization management. Traditional fertilization method has problems such as low nutrient utilization rate and environmental pollution, and precision fertilization technology provides a new way to solve this problem. This study aims to explore the optimization method of rice precision fertilization technology and its impact on yield to improve the efficiency of fertilizer utilization and achieve sustainable agricultural development. Based on the method of combining field experiment and model simulation, typical rice-growing areas were selected in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and soil nutrient rapid detection technology, remote sensing monitoring and geographic information system (GIS) were used for data collection and analysis, and a precise fertilization model based on the growth needs of rice was constructed. By comparing the field experiment data of traditional fertilization and precision fertilization, the effects of different fertilization strategies on rice yield, nutrient absorption and soil environment. The results show that the precision fertilization technology significantly improved the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer by 15% -20%, and reduced the fertilizer consumption by 10% -15%; the rice yield increased by 8% -12% on average, and showed good adaptability in different soil types and climate conditions. In addition, precision fertilization effectively reduces the cumulative risk of nitrate in the soil and reduces agricultural non-point source pollution.
KEY WORDS：Precision fertilization; rice yield; fertilizer utilization rate
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究目的和内容 1
第2章 水稻精准施肥技术理论基础 2
2.1 精准施肥技术发展历程 2
2.2 水稻养分需求特征分析 2
2.3 精准施肥技术核心原理 3
第3章 水稻精准施肥技术实施方法 4
3.1 土壤养分快速检测技术 4
3.2 变量施肥设备与系统集成 4
3.3 精准施肥决策模型构建 4
第4章 水稻精准施肥对产量的影响机制 6
4.1 不同施肥模式产量对比分析 6
4.2 精准施肥对水稻生长的影响 6
4.3 经济效益与环境效益评估 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
