甘蔗高糖品种选育及其生理基础研究
摘 要
甘蔗作为全球重要的糖料作物，其高糖品种选育对提升糖业经济效益具有重要意义。本研究旨在通过系统筛选与生理机制解析，培育出高糖、高产且适应性强的甘蔗新品种。研究以中国主栽甘蔗品种为材料，结合分子标记辅助选择与传统育种技术，筛选出具有高糖特性的候选株系。通过田间试验与实验室分析，测定不同品种的蔗糖含量、光合效率及抗逆性等关键指标，并利用转录组测序技术揭示高糖性状的分子调控网络。结果表明，筛选出的新品种在蔗糖含量上较对照提高15%-20%，光合效率显著提升，且在干旱胁迫下表现出较强的适应性。生理机制研究表明，高糖品种的光合产物分配效率更高，蔗糖合成关键酶活性显著增强。转录组分析发现，多个与蔗糖代谢相关的基因在高糖品种中表达上调，揭示了其高糖性状的分子基础。
关键词：甘蔗；高糖育种；分子标记辅助选择
BREEDING OF SUGARCANE HIGH-SUGAR VARIETIES AND ITS PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIC RESEARCH
ABSTRACT
As an important sugar crop in the world, the breeding of high sugar varieties of sugarcane is of great significance to improve the economic benefits of the sugar industry. This study aims to produce new sugarcane varieties with high sugar, high yield and strong adaptability through systematic screening and physiological mechanism analysis. Candidate lines with high sugar characteristics were selected by combining molecular marker-assisted selection and traditional breeding techniques. Through field experiments and laboratory analysis, key indicators such as sucrose content, photosynthetic efficiency and stress resistance of different varieties were determined, and the molecular regulation network of high sugar traits was revealed by transc riptome sequencing technology. The results showed that the selected new varieties increased by 15% -20% in sucrose content than the control, significantly improved the photosynthetic efficiency, and showed strong adaptability under drought stress. Physiological mechanism studies showed that high sugar varieties had higher efficiency of photosynthetic product distribution and significantly enhanced activity of key enzymes in sucrose synthesis. Transc riptome analysis revealed that multiple genes related to sucrose me tabolism were upregulated in high-sugar cultivars, revealing the molecular basis of their high-sugar traits.
KEY WORDS：Sugarcane; high-sugar breeding; molecular marker-assisted selection
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究目的和内容 1
第2章 甘蔗高糖品种选育的遗传基础 2
2.1 高糖性状的遗传特性分析 2
2.2 分子标记辅助育种技术应用 2
2.3 甘蔗种质资源的高糖基因挖掘 3
第3章 甘蔗高糖品种的生理代谢机制 4
3.1 蔗糖合成与积累的关键酶活性研究 4
3.2 光合作用与糖分积累的关系分析 4
3.3 环境因子对甘蔗糖分代谢的影响 5
第4章 甘蔗高糖品种选育的实践与应用 6
4.1 高糖品种选育的技术路线优化 6
4.2 中国主要蔗区高糖品种推广成效 6
4.3 高糖品种选育的经济效益评估 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
摘 要
甘蔗作为全球重要的糖料作物，其高糖品种选育对提升糖业经济效益具有重要意义。本研究旨在通过系统筛选与生理机制解析，培育出高糖、高产且适应性强的甘蔗新品种。研究以中国主栽甘蔗品种为材料，结合分子标记辅助选择与传统育种技术，筛选出具有高糖特性的候选株系。通过田间试验与实验室分析，测定不同品种的蔗糖含量、光合效率及抗逆性等关键指标，并利用转录组测序技术揭示高糖性状的分子调控网络。结果表明，筛选出的新品种在蔗糖含量上较对照提高15%-20%，光合效率显著提升，且在干旱胁迫下表现出较强的适应性。生理机制研究表明，高糖品种的光合产物分配效率更高，蔗糖合成关键酶活性显著增强。转录组分析发现，多个与蔗糖代谢相关的基因在高糖品种中表达上调，揭示了其高糖性状的分子基础。
关键词：甘蔗；高糖育种；分子标记辅助选择
BREEDING OF SUGARCANE HIGH-SUGAR VARIETIES AND ITS PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIC RESEARCH
ABSTRACT
As an important sugar crop in the world, the breeding of high sugar varieties of sugarcane is of great significance to improve the economic benefits of the sugar industry. This study aims to produce new sugarcane varieties with high sugar, high yield and strong adaptability through systematic screening and physiological mechanism analysis. Candidate lines with high sugar characteristics were selected by combining molecular marker-assisted selection and traditional breeding techniques. Through field experiments and laboratory analysis, key indicators such as sucrose content, photosynthetic efficiency and stress resistance of different varieties were determined, and the molecular regulation network of high sugar traits was revealed by transc riptome sequencing technology. The results showed that the selected new varieties increased by 15% -20% in sucrose content than the control, significantly improved the photosynthetic efficiency, and showed strong adaptability under drought stress. Physiological mechanism studies showed that high sugar varieties had higher efficiency of photosynthetic product distribution and significantly enhanced activity of key enzymes in sucrose synthesis. Transc riptome analysis revealed that multiple genes related to sucrose me tabolism were upregulated in high-sugar cultivars, revealing the molecular basis of their high-sugar traits.
KEY WORDS：Sugarcane; high-sugar breeding; molecular marker-assisted selection
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究目的和内容 1
第2章 甘蔗高糖品种选育的遗传基础 2
2.1 高糖性状的遗传特性分析 2
2.2 分子标记辅助育种技术应用 2
2.3 甘蔗种质资源的高糖基因挖掘 3
第3章 甘蔗高糖品种的生理代谢机制 4
3.1 蔗糖合成与积累的关键酶活性研究 4
3.2 光合作用与糖分积累的关系分析 4
3.3 环境因子对甘蔗糖分代谢的影响 5
第4章 甘蔗高糖品种选育的实践与应用 6
4.1 高糖品种选育的技术路线优化 6
4.2 中国主要蔗区高糖品种推广成效 6
4.3 高糖品种选育的经济效益评估 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
