小学融合教育的实施困境分析 -小学教育专业

摘要

随着教育公平理念的深入推广，融合教育逐渐成为实现特殊需求儿童与普通儿童共同学习的重要途径，但其在小学阶段的实际实施仍面临诸多困境。本研究旨在系统分析小学融合教育在实践中的主要障碍及其成因，当前小学融合教育的主要困境包括专业师资力量不足、教育资源配置不均衡、家校合作机制缺乏以及社会认知偏差等。此外，政策支持体系的不完善也在一定程度上制约了融合教育的发展。本研究创新性地提出了“多层次支持模型”，从教师培训、资源优化和社会倡导三个层面构建解决方案，并强调以家校社协同为突破口，推动融合教育的可持续发展。研究结果不仅揭示了小学融合教育的核心问题，还为相关政策制定和实践改进提供了理论依据和操作建议，对提升教育公平性和包容性具有重要参考价值。

关键词：融合教育；小学实践；多层次支持模型；家校社协同

An Analysis of the Implementation Dilemmas in Inclusive Education at the Primary School Level

英文人名

Directive teacher:×××

Abstract

With the further promotion of the concept of educational equity, integrated education has gradually become an important way to realize the common learning of children with special needs and ordinary children, but its actual implementation in the primary school stage still faces many difficulties. The purpose of this study is to systematically analyze the main obstacles and causes in the practice of integrated education in primary schools. The main difficulties of integrated education in primary schools at present include insufficient professional teachers, unbalanced allocation of educational resources, lack of family-school cooperation mechanism and social cognitive bias. In addition, the imperfect policy support system also restricts the development of integrated education to a certain extent. This research innovatively puts forward a "multi-level support model" to build solutions from three levels: teacher training, resource optimization and social advocacy, and emphasizes the collaboration between family, school and community as a breakthrough to promote the sustainable development of integrated education. The research results not only reveal the core problems of integrated education in primary schools, but also provide theoretical basis and operational suggestions for relevant policy formulation and practice improvement, and have important reference value for improving educational equity and inclusiveness.

Keywords: Inclusive Education；Primary School Practice；Multi-Level Support Model；Home-School-Community Collaboration

引言 1

一、融合教育的背景与意义 1

(一)融合教育的概念界定 1

(二)小学融合教育的发展现状 2

(三)研究小学融合教育困境的价值 2

二、政策支持与制度保障的困境分析 3

(一)融合教育政策的实施现状 3

(二)制度设计中的不足之处 3

(三)政策执行中的现实挑战 4

三、教师能力与专业发展的困境分析 4

(一)教师对融合教育的认知水平 4