应急状态下行政权扩张的宪法约束机制 -法学专业

摘要

应急状态下行政权的扩张是现代国家治理中不可避免的现象，尤其是在重大公共危机或突发事件发生时，行政权需要突破常规以迅速应对复杂局面。然而，这种扩张可能对公民权利和法治原则构成潜在威胁，因此亟需构建科学合理的宪法约束机制以平衡效率与合法性。本研究旨在探讨应急状态下行政权扩张的宪法边界及其约束路径，通过比较分析国内外相关法律制度及实践案例，结合规范分析与实证研究方法，揭示当前我国在该领域的制度短板与改进空间。研究表明，现行法律框架虽初步确立了应急权力运行的基本规则，但在权力监督、程序正义以及权利保障等方面仍存在不足。本文提出完善宪法约束机制的具体建议，包括强化权力分立与制衡、优化应急决策程序以及建立健全事后审查机制等。

关键词：应急状态下行政权；宪法约束机制；权力扩张边界；权利保障；应急决策程序

Constitutional Constraints on the Expansion of Administrative Power in Emergency States

英文人名

Directive teacher:×××

Abstract

The expansion of power under emergency state is an inevitable phenomenon in modern national governance, especially when major public crises or emergencies occur, the executive power needs to break through the convention to quickly deal with complex situations. However, this expansion may pose a potential threat to civil rights and the rule of law, so it is urgent to build a scientific and reasonable constitutional restraint mechanism to balance efficiency and legitimacy. The purpose of this study is to explore the constitutional boundary and restraint path of the downward regime expansion in emergency state, through comparative analysis of relevant legal systems and practice cases at home and abroad, combined with normative analysis and empirical research methods, to reveal the current institutional shortcomings and improvement space in this field in China. The research shows that although the current legal fr amework has initially established the basic rules of emergency power operation, there are still deficiencies in power supervision, procedural justice and right protection. This paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the constitutional restraint mechanism, including strengthening the separation of powers and checks and balances, optimizing the emergency decision-making procedure and establishing and improving the post-examination mechanism.

Keywords: Emergency State Administrative Power；Constitutional Restraint Mechanism；Boundary Of Power Expansion；Rights Protection；Emergency Decision-Making Procedure

引言 1

一、应急状态下行政权扩张的宪法基础 1

(一)应急状态的概念界定 1

(二)行政权扩张的合法性依据 2

(三)宪法对行政权的基本约束 2

二、行政权扩张的宪法约束原则 3

(一)比例原则的应用分析 3

(二)法定程序的约束作用 3

(三)权力分立与制衡机制 4

三、应急状态下宪法约束的具体机制 4

(一)立法机关的监督功能 4

(二)司法审查的实施路径 5