摘 要
随着城市化进程的加快和交通需求的增长，大型桥梁作为关键基础设施在现代交通运输中发挥着不可替代的作用，其健康状况直接关系到公共安全与经济效益然而，复杂的自然环境、长期的荷载作用以及材料老化等因素可能导致桥梁结构出现地表形变，进而影响其安全性与耐久性为此，本研究聚焦于地表形变监测技术在大型桥梁健康监测中的应用，旨在通过先进的监测手段评估桥梁结构的安全状态并预测潜在风险研究中采用了多种地表形变监测技术，包括合成孔径雷达干涉测量（InSAR）、全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）以及地面激光扫描（TLS），结合有限元分析方法对桥梁结构进行多维度、高精度的动态监测通过对某典型大型悬索桥的实际案例分析，验证了上述技术在捕捉微小形变、识别异常工况以及评估整体稳定性方面的有效性结果表明，InSAR技术能够实现大范围、长时序的地表形变监测，GNSS则提供了实时、高精度的位移数据，而TLS为局部精细形变分析提供了可靠支持此外，本研究创新性地提出了一种基于多源数据融合的桥梁健康评估模型，该模型有效整合了不同监测技术的优势，显著提升了监测结果的准确性和可靠性最终结论显示，地表形变监测技术的应用不仅能够及时发现桥梁结构的潜在问题，还为科学决策和维护策略优化提供了重要依据，从而为保障大型桥梁的安全运行提供了新的技术路径
关键词：大型桥梁健康监测；地表形变监测技术；InSAR
ABSTRACT
With the acceleration of urbanization and the growth of transportation demand, large bridges play an irreplaceable role in modern transportation as critical infrastructure, and their health status directly affects public safety and economic benefits. However, complex natural environments, long-term loading effects, and material aging may lead to surface deformation in bridge structures, thereby impacting their safety and durability. This study focuses on the application of surface deformation monitoring technologies in the health monitoring of large bridges, aiming to evaluate the safety conditions of bridge structures and predict potential risks through advanced monitoring methods. Multiple surface deformation monitoring technologies were employed in this research, including Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), combined with finite element analysis for multi-dimensional and high-precision dynamic monitoring of bridge structures. Through a case study of a typical large-scale suspension bridge, the effectiveness of these technologies in capturing minute deformations, identifying abnormal operating conditions, and assessing overall stability was verified. The results indicate that InSAR technology enables wide-area, long-time series surface deformation monitoring, GNSS provides real-time and high-precision displacement data, while TLS offers reliable support for local fine deformation analysis. Furthermore, this study innovatively proposes a bridge health assessment model based on multi-source data fusion, which effectively integrates the advantages of different monitoring technologies, significantly enhancing the accuracy and reliability of monitoring results. The final conclusion demonstrates that the application of surface deformation monitoring technologies not only enables timely detection of potential issues in bridge structures but also provides important evidence for scientific decision-making and optimization of maintenance strategies, thus offering a new technical pathway for ensuring the safe operation of large bridges.
Keywords: Large Bridge Health Monitoring; Surface Deformation Monitoring Technology; InSAR
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 地表形变监测技术的研究背景 1
1.2 大型桥梁健康监测的意义与挑战 1
1.3 国内外研究现状分析 2
1.4 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
第2章 地表形变监测技术原理与方法 3
2.1 地表形变监测技术的基本概念 3
2.2 常用地表形变监测方法综述 3
2.3 遥感技术在地表形变监测中的应用 4
2.4 GNSS技术的地表形变监测优势 4
2.5 地表形变监测数据处理方法 5
第3章 地表形变监测技术在桥梁健康监测中的应用 6
3.1 桥梁健康监测的关键需求 6
3.2 地表形变监测技术对桥梁变形的适用性 6
3.3 基于GNSS的桥梁动态变形监测 7
3.4 InSAR技术在桥梁静态形变监测中的应用 7
3.5 数据融合提升桥梁健康监测精度 8
第4章 实验验证与案例分析 9
4.1 实验设计与数据采集方案 9
4.2 某大型桥梁的地表形变监测实验 9
4.3 监测结果分析与评估 10
4.4 技术局限性与改进方向 10
4.5 案例总结与经验推广 11
结论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
