摘 要
城市化进程的加速导致洪涝灾害频发，对社会经济发展和居民生命财产安全构成严重威胁，因此亟需开发高效的城市洪水模拟技术以支持防灾减灾决策。本研究基于三维地理信息系统（3D GIS）平台，结合水动力学模型与高分辨率数字地形数据，提出了一种集成化的城市洪水模拟方法。研究旨在通过融合多源空间数据和动态仿真技术，实现对城市洪水过程的精细化模拟与可视化表达。具体而言，采用有限体积法求解浅水方程组以描述洪水传播规律，并利用3D GIS的空间分析功能对淹没范围、水深分布及流速场进行定量评估。同时，引入并行计算优化算法以提升大规模场景下的模拟效率。实验结果表明，该方法能够准确再现洪水演进过程，其预测精度较传统二维模型提高了约15%。此外，通过与遥感影像和实地观测数据对比验证，证明了模型在复杂城市环境中的适用性。本研究的主要创新点在于将3D GIS与水动力学模拟深度耦合，不仅增强了模型的空间表现力，还为灾害风险评估提供了更为直观的技术手段。研究成果可为城市防洪规划、应急响应及资源调配提供科学依据，具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。
关键词：城市洪水模拟；3D GIS；水动力学模型
ABSTRACT
The accelerating urbanization process has led to frequent flood disasters, posing a severe threat to socio-economic development and the safety of residents' lives and property. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop efficient urban flood simulation technologies to support disaster prevention and mitigation decision-making. This study proposes an integrated urban flood simulation method based on a 3D Geographic Information System (GIS) platform, combining hydrodynamic models with high-resolution digital terrain data. The aim is to achieve refined simulation and visualization of urban flood processes by integrating multi-source spatial data and dynamic simulation techniques. Specifically, the finite volume method is employed to solve the shallow water equations for describing flood propagation patterns, while the spatial analysis capabilities of 3D GIS are utilized to quantitatively evaluate inundation areas, water depth distribution, and velocity fields. Furthermore, parallel computing optimization algorithms are introduced to enhance simulation efficiency in large-scale scenarios. Experimental results indicate that this method can accurately reproduce the evolution of flood processes, with a prediction accuracy approximately 15% higher than traditional two-dimensional models. Additionally, comparisons with remote sensing images and field observation data validate the applicability of the model in complex urban environments. The primary innovation of this study lies in the deep coupling of 3D GIS with hydrodynamic simulations, which not only strengthens the spatial representation of the model but also provides more intuitive technical means for disaster risk assessment. The research findings can offer scientific support for urban flood control planning, emergency response, and resource allocation, demonstrating significant theoretical value and practical implications.
Keywords: Urban Flood Simulation; 3D Gis; Hydrodynamic Model; Finite Volume Method
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 城市洪水模拟的研究背景与意义 1
1.2 三维地理信息系统的发展现状 1
1.3 国内外相关研究进展综述 2
1.4 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
第2章 三维地理信息系统的理论基础 3
2.1 三维地理信息系统的概念与特点 3
2.2 数据建模与空间分析方法 3
2.3 洪水模拟中的关键算法研究 4
2.4 空间数据可视化技术应用 4
2.5 理论框架对实践的指导作用 5
第3章 城市洪水模拟的技术实现 7
3.1 数据采集与预处理方法 7
3.2 地形与水文参数的构建 7
3.3 洪水传播模型的设计与优化 8
3.4 动态模拟过程中的误差控制 8
3.5 技术实现中的难点与解决方案 9
第4章 应用案例与效果评估 10
4.1 实验区域的选择与数据获取 10
4.2 模拟结果的可视化呈现 10
4.3 模型精度验证与误差分析 11
4.4 洪水风险评估与决策支持 11
4.5 应用效果总结与改进建议 12
结论 13
参考文献 14
致 谢 15
