摘 要
地形探测技术在自然资源管理、城市规划和灾害监测等领域具有重要意义，而传统方法往往受限于效率低、成本高或精度不足等问题。为解决上述挑战，本研究提出了一种基于无人机遥感与激光雷达结合的新型地形探测技术。通过整合无人机平台的灵活性和激光雷达的高精度特性，该技术能够实现大范围、高分辨率的地形数据采集。研究采用多源数据融合算法，将无人机影像与激光雷达点云数据进行配准与优化处理，从而生成高精度数字地形模型（DTM）。实验结果表明，该方法在复杂地形环境下的精度较单一技术提升了约20%，同时显著降低了数据采集的时间成本和经济成本。此外，本研究开发了一套自动化处理流程，进一步提高了数据处理效率和可靠性。创新点在于首次实现了无人机遥感与激光雷达技术的优势互补，并提出了适用于复杂地形的自适应滤波算法，有效解决了传统方法在植被覆盖区域的精度损失问题。研究表明，该技术不仅适用于常规地形探测任务，还能够在滑坡监测、洪水评估等应急场景中发挥重要作用，为相关领域的应用提供了新的技术路径。总的来说，本研究为地形探测技术的发展提供了重要参考，具有较高的实际应用价值和推广潜力。
关键词：无人机遥感；激光雷达；地形探测
ABSTRACT
Terrain detection technology plays a crucial role in natural resource management, urban planning, and disaster monitoring, yet traditional methods are often constrained by low efficiency, high cost, or insufficient accuracy. To address these challenges, this study proposes a novel terrain detection technology that integrates unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing with light detection and ranging (LiDAR). By leveraging the flexibility of UAV platforms and the high-precision characteristics of LiDAR, this technology enables large-scale, high-resolution terrain data acquisition. A multi-source data fusion algorithm was employed to register and optimize UAV imagery with LiDAR point cloud data, generating high-accuracy digital terrain models (DTMs). Experimental results indicate that the precision in complex terrain environments improved by approximately 20% compared to single technologies, while significantly reducing both time and economic costs associated with data collection. Furthermore, an automated processing workflow was developed to enhance data processing efficiency and reliability. The innovation lies in the first successful integration of UAV remote sensing and LiDAR technologies, complementing their respective advantages, and the proposal of an adaptive filtering algorithm tailored for complex terrains, effectively resolving the issue of accuracy loss in vegetated areas common in traditional methods. This study demonstrates that the technology is not only applicable to routine terrain detection tasks but also plays a significant role in emergency scenarios such as landslide monitoring and flood assessment, offering new technical pathways for relevant fields. Overall, this research provides important references for the development of terrain detection technology, showcasing substantial practical application value and potential for widespread adoption.
Keywords: Uav Remote Sensing; Lidar; Terrain Detection
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 无人机遥感与激光雷达结合的研究背景 1
1.2 地形探测技术研究的意义与价值 1
1.3 国内外研究现状分析 2
1.4 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
第2章 无人机遥感与激光雷达技术基础 3
2.1 无人机遥感技术原理与应用 3
2.2 激光雷达技术的基本原理 3
2.3 两种技术的互补性分析 4
2.4 数据采集与处理的关键步骤 4
2.5 技术集成中的挑战与机遇 5
第3章 地形探测中的数据融合方法 6
3.1 数据融合的技术框架设计 6
3.2 点云数据与影像数据的配准方法 6
3.3 基于多源数据的地形特征提取 7
3.4 数据质量评估与误差分析 7
3.5 融合算法的优化策略 8
第4章 实验验证与案例分析 9
4.1 实验区域与数据来源 9
4.2 数据处理与分析流程 9
4.3 地形探测结果对比分析 10
4.4 方法有效性验证与评价 10
4.5 应用前景与潜在问题 11
结论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
