摘 要
随着全球气候变化和人类活动的加剧，海洋生态环境面临前所未有的压力，传统监测手段因成本高、效率低及覆盖范围有限等问题难以满足现代需求，无人机遥感技术凭借其灵活性、高效性和低成本优势为海洋生态环境监测提供了新的解决方案本研究旨在探索无人机遥感技术在海洋生态环境监测中的应用潜力，通过搭载多光谱、高光谱及热红外传感器的无人机平台，对典型海域的水质参数、生物群落分布及动态变化进行高分辨率数据采集与分析研究采用基于机器学习的图像处理算法对遥感数据进行解译，实现了对叶绿素a浓度、悬浮物含量及海表温度等关键指标的精准反演结果表明，无人机遥感技术能够以亚米级空间分辨率获取海洋生态环境信息，显著提高了监测精度和时效性，特别是在近岸复杂环境下的应用效果尤为突出此外，本研究首次提出了一种融合多源遥感数据的综合评估方法，有效提升了监测数据的可靠性和适用性研究表明，无人机遥感技术不仅能够弥补传统监测手段的不足，还为海洋生态环境的动态监测和科学管理提供了创新工具和重要支撑未来可进一步拓展其在深海探测和极端环境监测中的应用
关键词：无人机遥感技术；海洋生态环境监测；多光谱与高光谱传感器
ABSTRACT
With the intensification of global climate change and human activities, marine ecosystems are facing unprecedented pressure. Traditional monitoring methods, limited by high costs, low efficiency, and restricted coverage, struggle to meet modern demands. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing technology, characterized by its flexibility, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness, offers a novel solution for marine ecological environment monitoring. This study aims to explore the application potential of UAV remote sensing technology in marine ecological environment monitoring. By employing UAV platforms equipped with multispectral, hyperspectral, and thermal infrared sensors, high-resolution data collection and analysis were conducted on water quality parameters, biological community distribution, and dynamic changes in typical sea areas. Machine learning-based image processing algorithms were utilized to interpret the remote sensing data, enabling precise inversion of key indicators such as chlorophyll-a concentration, suspended sediment content, and sea surface temperature. The results indicate that UAV remote sensing technology can acquire marine ecological information at sub-meter spatial resolution, significantly enhancing monitoring accuracy and timeliness, particularly in nearshore complex environments where its performance is notably superior. Additionally, this study proposes for the first time a comprehensive evaluation method integrating multi-source remote sensing data, effectively improving the reliability and applicability of monitoring data. The findings demonstrate that UAV remote sensing technology not only compensates for the shortcomings of traditional monitoring methods but also provides innovative tools and critical support for the dynamic monitoring and scientific management of marine ecosystems. Future research could further extend its applications in deep-sea exploration and extreme environmental monitoring.
Keywords: Uav Remote Sensing Technology; Marine Ecological Environment Monitoring; Multi Spectral And Hyper Spectral Sensors
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 海洋生态环境监测的重要性 1
1.2 无人机遥感技术的发展背景 1
1.3 研究意义 2
1.4 国内外研究现状分析 2
第2章 无人机遥感技术基础及适用性分析 3
2.1 无人机遥感技术的基本原理 3
2.2 海洋生态环境监测的技术需求 3
2.3 无人机遥感技术的优势与局限性 4
2.4 数据采集与处理的关键环节 4
2.5 技术适配性评估方法 5
第3章 无人机遥感在海洋生态要素监测中的应用 6
3.1 海面温度分布的遥感监测 6
3.2 海洋叶绿素浓度的动态观测 6
3.3 海洋悬浮物含量的空间分析 7
3.4 油污泄漏事件的快速响应 7
3.5 监测数据的精度验证与优化 8
第4章 无人机遥感技术在海洋生态保护中的实践探索 9
4.1 海洋生物栖息地的动态监测 9
4.2 海洋污染源追踪与评估 9
4.3 海洋保护区管理的技术支持 10
4.4 长期生态变化趋势分析 10
4.5 实践案例总结与经验分享 11
结论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
