摘 要
随着我国农村经济的快速发展和城镇化进程的加速，农村生活污水排放量显著增加，但其处理设施覆盖率低、技术适应性差等问题日益突出，严重制约了农村生态环境的可持续发展。为解决这一问题，本研究以提升农村生活污水处理效率为目标，针对不同地区自然条件和社会经济特征，系统集成了一系列适用于农村的生活污水处理技术，并开展了示范工程建设。研究通过实地调研与数据分析，筛选出生物接触氧化法、人工湿地技术及生态塘处理技术等作为核心技术模块，结合智能化运行管理手段，构建了一套灵活、高效且经济可行的技术体系。在示范工程实施过程中，采用“分散收集、集中处理”的模式，优化了工艺参数并验证了技术的稳定性和可靠性。结果显示，该技术集成方案能够有效去除污水中的COD、氨氮和总磷等主要污染物，出水水质达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的一级A标准。此外，研究还开发了基于物联网的远程监控平台，实现了对污水处理设施的实时监测与调控，显著降低了运营成本和维护难度。本研究的创新点在于将多种成熟技术进行优化组合，并引入智能化管理手段，形成了适合中国农村特点的污水处理解决方案，为推动农村水环境治理提供了重要参考和技术支撑。研究成果不仅提升了农村生活污水处理的技术水平，也为相关政策制定和推广提供了科学依据。
关键词：农村生活污水；技术集成；生物接触氧化法；人工湿地技术；智能化管理
ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of China's rural economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the discharge of domestic sewage in rural areas has significantly increased. However, issues such as low coverage of treatment facilities and poor adaptability of technologies have become increasingly prominent, severely restricting the sustainable development of rural ecological environments. To address this challenge, this study aimed to improve the efficiency of rural domestic sewage treatment by systematically integrating a series of appropriate technologies for different regions based on their natural conditions and socio-economic characteristics, and implementing demonstration projects. Through field surveys and data analysis, core technology modules including biological contact oxidation, constructed wetlands, and ecological pond treatment were selected. These were combined with intelligent operation and management methods to establish a flexible, efficient, and economically feasible technical system. During the implementation of the demonstration projects, a "decentralized collection and centralized treatment" model was adopted, optimizing process parameters and verifying the stability and reliability of the technologies. The results showed that the integrated technical solution effectively removed major pollutants such as COD, ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorus, achieving the first-class A standard of the "Emission Standard of Pollutants for Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants." Additionally, a remote monitoring platform based on the Internet of Things was developed, enabling real-time monitoring and control of sewage treatment facilities, which significantly reduced operational costs and maintenance complexity. The innovation of this study lies in the optimized combination of multiple mature technologies and the introduction of intelligent management approaches, forming a wastewater treatment solution tailored to the characteristics of rural China. This provides crucial references and technical support for promoting rural water environment governance. The research not only enhances the technological level of rural domestic sewage treatment but also offers scientific evidence for policy formulation and promotion.
Keywords: Rural Domestic Sewage; Technology Integration; Biological Contact Oxidation Method; Constructed Wetland Technology; Intelligent Management
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 2
1.1 农村生活污水处理的背景与意义 2
1.2 国内外研究现状分析 2
1.3 本文研究方法与技术路线 3
第2章 农村生活污水特性与处理需求 4
2.1 农村生活污水的主要来源与特点 4
2.2 不同区域的生活污水排放特征 4
2.3 处理技术的需求分析与挑战 5
2.4 污水处理目标与标准要求 5
第3章 农村生活污水处理技术集成研究 7
3.1 常见污水处理技术分类与原理 7
3.2 技术集成的设计原则与框架 7
3.3 关键技术选择与优化策略 8
3.4 集成技术的成本效益评估 8
第4章 示范工程实施与效果评价 10
4.1 示范工程选址与规划布局 10
4.2 工程建设与运行管理方案 10
4.3 实施过程中的问题与解决措施 11
4.4 工程运行效果监测与评价 11
结论 13
参考文献 14
致 谢 15
