摘 要
海水入侵是沿海地区地下水开发过程中面临的重大环境问题，其对地下水水质的破坏性影响已成为全球关注的焦点。本研究以沿海地区地下水系统为研究对象，旨在探讨海水入侵的发生机制及其对地下水水质的影响，并提出针对性的防治措施。通过整合野外监测数据、数值模拟分析以及实验室实验，研究揭示了地下水开采强度、地形地貌特征及气候变化等因素对海水入侵过程的综合调控作用。结果表明，过度抽取地下水会导致水力梯度逆转，从而引发海水向陆地方向渗透，显著改变地下水的盐度分布并威胁淡水资源的可持续利用。此外，研究发现特定地质条件下的咸淡水界面动态变化规律，为预测海水入侵范围提供了科学依据。基于研究成果，本文提出了包括优化地下水开采模式、构建人工屏障以及实施生态补水在内的综合防治策略。这些措施不仅能够有效缓解海水入侵趋势，还为沿海地区的水资源管理提供了新思路。本研究的创新点在于首次结合多源数据建立了高分辨率的海水入侵模型，并提出了适用于复杂地质条件的动态评估方法，为相关领域的理论发展和实践应用做出了重要贡献。
关键词：海水入侵；地下水水质；咸淡水界面；防治措施；数值模拟分析
ABSTRACT
Seawater intrusion is a major environmental issue in the process of groundwater exploitation in coastal areas, and its destructive impact on groundwater quality has become a global concern. This study focuses on the groundwater system in coastal regions, aiming to investigate the mechanisms of seawater intrusion and its effects on groundwater quality, as well as to propose targeted prevention and control measures. By integrating field monitoring data, numerical simulation analysis, and laboratory experiments, the study reveals the comprehensive regulatory effects of groundwater extraction intensity, topographic and geomorphic characteristics, and climate change on the process of seawater intrusion. The results indicate that excessive groundwater pumping can reverse the hydraulic gradient, leading to seaward penetration of seawater, which significantly alters the salinity distribution of groundwater and threatens the sustainable use of freshwater resources. Furthermore, the study identifies the dynamic variation patterns of the fresh-saline water interface under specific geological conditions, providing a scientific basis for predicting the extent of seawater intrusion. Based on the research findings, this paper proposes an integrated prevention strategy, including optimizing groundwater extraction patterns, constructing artificial barriers, and implementing ecological recharge. These measures not only effectively mitigate the trend of seawater intrusion but also offer new insights into water resource management in coastal areas. The innovation of this study lies in the first-time integration of multi-source data to establish a high-resolution seawater intrusion model and the development of a dynamic assessment method applicable to complex geological conditions, making significant contributions to both theoretical advancements and practical applications in related fields.
Keywords: Sea Water Intrusion; Groundwater Quality; Freshwater-Saltwater Interface; Prevention And Control Measures; Numerical Simulation Analysis
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 海水入侵研究的背景与意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状综述 1
1.3 研究方法与技术路线 2
第2章 海水入侵对地下水水质的影响机制 3
2.1 海水入侵的基本原理分析 3
2.2 地下水盐化过程及其特征 3
2.3 主要影响因素及作用机理 4
2.4 不同区域海水入侵差异性分析 4
第3章 沿海地区地下水水质变化评估 6
3.1 地下水水质监测体系构建 6
3.2 典型污染物的分布特征分析 6
3.3 水质变化趋势与空间分布规律 7
3.4 海水入侵对生态系统的影响评估 7
第4章 海水入侵防治措施与管理策略 9
4.1 防治技术的分类与适用性分析 9
4.2 工程措施在防治中的应用效果 9
4.3 政策法规对防治工作的支持作用 10
4.4 综合管理策略的提出与实施路径 10
结论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
