摘 要
随着工业化和城市化进程的加速，河流水质污染问题日益严重，对生态系统健康和人类社会可持续发展构成重大威胁。为应对这一挑战，本研究以基于生态系统的理念为核心，探索并优化河流水质改善技术，旨在实现污染治理与生态修复的协同效应。研究选取典型污染河流作为实验对象，综合运用现场监测、实验室分析及数值模拟等方法，系统评估了不同生态工程技术对水质改善的效果。通过构建多维度评价体系，研究发现基于植物修复的湿地系统和微生物强化技术在污染物去除方面表现出显著优势，尤其在降低氮磷含量和提升溶解氧水平方面效果明显。此外，本研究创新性地提出了“生态功能分区”的治理策略，将河流划分为缓冲区、净化区和恢复区，根据不同区域特点制定针对性技术方案，从而显著提高了治理效率。研究结果表明，该策略可使目标河流的主要污染物浓度下降40%以上，并有效促进水生生物多样性的恢复。本研究的主要贡献在于突破传统单一治理模式的局限，提出了一种兼顾生态平衡与水质改善的综合技术框架，为类似河流污染治理提供了科学依据和技术支持，具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。
关键词：河流污染治理；生态功能分区；植物修复；微生物强化技术；水质改善
ABSTRACT
With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, river water quality pollution has become increasingly severe, posing a significant threat to ecosystem health and the sustainable development of human society. To address this challenge, this study explores and optimizes river water quality improvement technologies based on an ecosystem-oriented approach, aiming to achieve synergistic effects between pollution control and ecological restoration. A typical polluted river was selected as the experimental subject, and a comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of various ecological engineering technologies on water quality improvement was conducted using field monitoring, laboratory analysis, and numerical simulation. By constructing a multi-dimensional assessment system, the study found that wetland systems based on phytoremediation and microbially enhanced technologies demonstrated significant advantages in pollutant removal, particularly in reducing nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and increasing dissolved oxygen levels. Additionally, this study innovatively proposed a "functional ecological zoning" management strategy, dividing the river into buffer, purification, and restoration zones, and developing targeted technical solutions according to the characteristics of each zone, thereby significantly improving the efficiency of governance. The results indicate that this strategy can reduce the concentration of major pollutants in the target river by more than 40% and effectively promote the recovery of aquatic biodiversity. The primary contribution of this study lies in breaking through the limitations of traditional single-mode governance approaches and proposing a comprehensive technical fr amework that balances ecological equilibrium with water quality improvement, providing scientific evidence and technical support for similar river pollution management efforts, with important theoretical and practical implications.
Keywords: River Pollution Control; Ecological Functional Zoning; Phytoremediation; Microbial Enhancement Technology; Water Quality Improvement
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 2
1.1 河流水质改善的背景与意义 2
1.2 国内外研究现状分析 2
1.3 本文研究方法概述 3
第2章 生态系统基础理论与水质改善关联性分析 4
2.1 生态系统的基本概念与特征 4
2.2 水质改善中的生态学原理应用 4
2.3 关键生态因子对河流水质的影响 5
2.4 生态系统服务功能与水质改善的关系 5
第3章 基于生态系统的河流水质改善技术体系构建 7
3.1 技术体系的设计原则与框架 7
3.2 生物修复技术在河流治理中的应用 7
3.3 植被缓冲带技术的作用机制与效果评估 8
3.4 微生物群落调控技术的研究进展 8
3.5 生态工程技术的综合集成与优化 9
第4章 案例分析与基于生态系统的水质改善实践验证 10
4.1 典型河流案例的选择与背景介绍 10
4.2 生态技术在实际治理中的实施过程 10
4.3 实践效果评估与数据分析方法 11
4.4 存在问题及改进建议 11
结论 13
参考文献 14
致 谢 15
