摘要
激光焊接技术因其高效、精确和适应性强的特点，在航空航天领域得到了广泛关注与应用。随着航空航天工业对轻量化结构和高性能材料需求的不断增长，传统连接技术逐渐难以满足复杂工况下的性能要求，而激光焊接技术凭借其高能量密度、低热输入和良好焊缝质量的优势，成为解决这一问题的关键手段。本研究旨在探讨激光焊接技术在航空航天领域的具体应用及其面临的挑战，通过分析典型航空航天材料（如铝合金、钛合金和复合材料）的焊接特性，结合实际案例评估激光焊接工艺的可行性和局限性。研究采用理论建模与实验验证相结合的方法，重点考察焊接过程中热影响区的微观组织演变、残余应力分布以及接头力学性能的变化规律。结果表明，优化激光参数（如功率密度、扫描速度和光束模式）能够显著改善焊接质量并减少缺陷发生率，同时发现材料特性和焊接几何结构对工艺稳定性具有重要影响。本研究创新性地提出了一种基于实时监测的闭环控制系统，有效提升了焊接过程的可靠性和一致性，为航空航天领域复杂构件的高质量制造提供了新思路。最终得出结论：尽管激光焊接技术在航空航天领域展现出巨大潜力，但针对厚板焊接、异种材料连接及自动化控制等方面仍需进一步深入研究以克服现有技术瓶颈。
关键词：激光焊接技术；航空航天材料；焊接质量优化；实时监测控制系统；异种材料连接
Abstract
Laser welding technology has garnered significant attention and application in the aerospace industry due to its high efficiency, precision, and adaptability. As the demand for lightweight structures and high-performance materials in aerospace engineering continues to grow, traditional joining techniques are increasingly unable to meet the performance requirements under complex operating conditions. In contrast, laser welding technology, with its advantages of high energy density, low heat input, and excellent weld quality, has become a critical solution to address these challenges. This study investigates the specific applications and challenges of laser welding technology in the aerospace field by analyzing the welding characteristics of typical aerospace materials, such as aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, and composite materials, and evaluating the feasibility and limitations of laser welding processes through practical case studies. A combined approach of theoretical modeling and experimental validation was employed, focusing on the microstructural evolution in the heat-affected zone, residual stress distribution, and changes in joint mechanical properties during the welding process. The results indicate that optimizing laser parameters, including power density, scanning speed, and beam mode, can significantly enhance weld quality and reduce defect occurrence rates. Furthermore, it was found that material properties and welding geometry have a substantial impact on process stability. Innovatively, this research proposes a closed-loop control system based on real-time monitoring, which effectively improves the reliability and consistency of the welding process, providing new insights into the high-quality manufacturing of complex components in the aerospace domain. Ultimately, it is concluded that while laser welding technology demonstrates great potential in the aerospace field, further in-depth research is required to overcome existing technical bottlenecks in areas such as thick plate welding, dissimilar material joining, and automated control.
Keywords：Laser Welding Technology; Aerospace Materials; Welding Quality Optimization; Real-Time Monitoring And Control System; Heterogeneous Material Connection
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 激光焊接技术的背景与意义 1
(二) 航空航天领域中的研究现状 1
(三) 本文的研究方法与思路 2
二、激光焊接技术在航空航天的应用基础 2
(一) 航空航天材料的焊接需求 2
(二) 激光焊接技术的基本原理 3
(三) 激光焊接与其他焊接方式的对比 3
三、激光焊接技术在航空航天的具体应用 4
(一) 飞机构件中的激光焊接实践 4
(二) 发动机部件的焊接工艺分析 4
(三) 卫星制造中的技术优势 5
四、激光焊接技术在航空航天领域的挑战与对策 6
(一) 材料兼容性问题及解决方案 6
(二) 焊接质量控制的技术难点 6
(三) 成本与效率优化的策略探讨 7
结 论 8
参考文献 9
