异质性企业贸易理论对传统贸易模型的突破 -国际经济与贸易专业

摘要

传统贸易模型以同质性企业为核心假设，难以充分解释国际贸易中企业异质性的现象。本研究基于异质性企业贸易理论，旨在探讨其对传统贸易模型的突破及其在现实中的适用性。异质性企业贸易理论能够有效解释为何仅部分企业参与国际贸易，以及这些企业在出口决策上的差异性表现。与传统模型相比，该理论更准确地刻画了企业层面的贸易动态，并揭示了高生产率企业更倾向于参与出口市场的规律。此外，研究还表明，企业异质性对全球价值链分工模式具有重要影响，进一步拓展了贸易理论的应用范围。本研究的主要贡献在于，不仅弥补了传统模型对企业层面分析不足的缺陷，还为政策制定者提供了更具针对性的建议，例如优化资源配置和支持高潜力企业发展。

关键词：异质性企业贸易理论；企业生产率；出口行为；全球价值链；政策建议

Heterogeneous Firms Trade Theory: A Breakthrough of Traditional Trade Models

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Abstract

The traditional trade model takes homogeneous firms as the core assumption, which is difficult to fully explain the heterogeneity of firms in international trade. Based on the heterogeneous firm trade theory, this study aims to explore its breakthrough to the traditional trade model and its applicability in reality. The trade theory of heterogeneous firms can effectively explain why only some firms participate in international trade and how these firms differ in their export decisions. Compared with the traditional model, this theory more accurately describes the trade dynamics at the firm level and reveals the law that high-productivity firms are more inclined to participate in the export market. In addition, the research also shows that firm heterogeneity has an important impact on the division of labor patterns of global value chains, which further expands the application scope of trade theory. The main contribution of this study is that it not only compensates for the deficiency of the traditional model of enterprise-level analysis, but also provides more targeted recommendations for policy makers, such as optimizing resource allocation and supporting the development of high-potential enterprises.

Keywords: Heterogeneity Firm Trade Theory；Firm Productivity；Export Behavior；Global Value Chain；Policy Recommendation

引言 1

一、异质性企业理论的提出背景 1

(一)传统贸易模型的核心假设 1

(二)企业异质性概念的引入 2

(三)理论突破的现实需求 2

二、对传统贸易模型的理论挑战 3

(一)完全竞争假设的局限性 3

(二)成本均质化假设的不足 3

(三)贸易主体单一化的缺陷 4

三、异质性企业贸易理论的核心贡献 4

(一)引入生产率差异的影响 4