WTO改革背景下争端解决机制的困境与出路 -国际经济与贸易专业

摘要

世界贸易组织（WTO）争端解决机制作为多边贸易体系的核心支柱，近年来因上诉机构停摆、决策效率低下及规则适应性不足等问题陷入困境，这一现象在WTO改革背景下尤为突出。本研究旨在探讨争端解决机制面临的深层次问题，并提出针对性的改进路径。当前机制的主要问题集中于上诉机构成员遴选僵局、裁决周期过长以及对新兴议题覆盖不足等方面。针对上述问题，本文创新性地提出了分层治理框架，建议通过设立临时仲裁庭缓解上诉机构功能缺失，优化程序规则以提升效率，并引入灵活的规则更新机制以适应全球化新趋势。研究结论表明，争端解决机制的改革需兼顾公平与效率，在维护多边主义原则的同时，充分考虑成员国利益差异，为构建更加包容和可持续的国际贸易治理体系提供理论支持与实践指导。

关键词：世界贸易组织；争端解决机制；上诉机构；改革路径；分层治理框架

The Dilemma and Way Forward for the Dispute Settlement Mechanism under the WTO Reform Agenda

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Abstract

The dispute settlement mechanism of the World Trade Organization (WTO), as the core pillar of the multilateral trading system, has been in trouble in recent years due to problems such as the suspension of the appellate body, low decision-making efficiency and insufficient adaptability of rules, which is particularly prominent in the background of WTO reform. The purpose of this study is to explore the deep-seated problems facing the dispute settlement mechanism, and to propose targeted ways to improve it. The main problems of the current mechanism focus on the impasse in the selection of appellate Body members, the long adjudication cycle and the insufficient coverage of emerging issues. In response to the above problems, this paper innovatively proposes a hierarchical governance fr amework, proposes to alleviate the lack of functions of the appellate body by setting up a temporary arbitral tribunal, optimize procedural rules to improve efficiency, and introduce a flexible rule update mechanism to adapt to the new trend of globalization. The conclusion of the study shows that the reform of the dispute settlement mechanism needs to balance fairness and efficiency, fully consider the differences in the interests of member states while safeguarding the principle of multilateralism, and provide theoretical support and practical guidance for building a more inclusive and sustainable international trade governance system.

Keywords: World Trade Organization；Dispute Settlement Mechanism；Appellate Body；Reform Path；Tiered Governance fr amework

引言 1

一、WTO争端解决机制的历史与现状 1

(一)争端解决机制的起源与发展 1

(二)当前机制的核心功能分析 2

(三)历史演进中的关键节点 2

二、WTO改革背景下的机制困境 3

(一)上诉机构停摆的原因剖析 3

(二)成员国利益分歧的影响 3

(三)法律规则适用的不确定性 4

三、争端解决机制面临的外部挑战 4

(一)全球贸易格局的变化 4