摘 要
儿童哮喘是一种常见的慢性呼吸道疾病，严重影响患儿的生活质量。为探讨规范化治疗方案的临床疗效及其可行性，本研究选取2019年至2022年间某三甲医院收治的300例哮喘患儿作为研究对象，随机分为对照组和实验组，各150例。对照组采用常规治疗方案，实验组则实施基于GINA指南的规范化综合干预措施，包括吸入性糖皮质激素、支气管扩张剂及健康教育等。经过为期12个月的随访观察，实验组的哮喘控制测试（ACT）评分显著高于对照组，日间症状缓解率提升至87.3%，夜间憋醒发生率降低至6.7%，且肺功能指标FEV1和PEF较基线水平分别提高28.4%和31.2%。此外，实验组急性发作次数和住院率分别下降了53.6%和48.9%，显示出明显的临床优势。研究表明，规范化治疗不仅能有效改善哮喘患儿的症状控制水平，还能显著减少急性发作风险，具有重要的临床推广价值。本研究的创新点在于结合中国儿童哮喘特点优化治疗方案，并通过长期随访验证其可持续效果，为制定更精准的个体化治疗策略提供了依据。关键词：儿童哮喘; 规范化治疗; GINA指南
Abstract
Pediatric asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease that significantly impairs the quality of life of affected children. To investigate the clinical efficacy and feasibility of standardized treatment protocols, this study selected 300 asthmatic children treated at a tertiary hospital between 2019 and 2022 as research subjects, randomly dividing them into a control group and an experimental group, each consisting of 150 cases. The control group received conventional treatment, while the experimental group underwent comprehensive standardized interventions based on the GINA guidelines, including inhaled corticosteroids, bronchodilators, and health education. Following a 12-month follow-up observation, the Asthma Control Test (ACT) scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group, with daytime symptom relief rates increasing to 87.3% and nocturnal awakening episodes decreasing to 6.7%. Additionally, lung function indicators FEV1 and PEF improved by 28.4% and 31.2%, respectively, compared to baseline levels. Furthermore, the experimental group experienced a 53.6% reduction in acute exacerbation frequency and a 48.9% decrease in hospitalization rates, demonstrating substantial clinical advantages. This study indicates that standardized treatment not only effectively enhances symptom control in pediatric asthma but also significantly reduces the risk of acute exacerbations, highlighting its important value for clinical promotion. The innovation of this research lies in optimizing treatment protocols according to the characteristics of pediatric asthma in China and validating their sustainable effects through long-term follow-up, providing evidence for the development of more precise individualized treatment strategies.
Key words:Childhood Asthma; Standardized Treatment; GINA Guidelines
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
引 言 1
第1章、儿童哮喘规范化治疗的现状分析 2
1.1、儿童哮喘流行病学特征 2
1.2、规范化治疗的临床意义 2
1.3、当前治疗存在的主要问题 3
第2章、规范化治疗方案的设计与实施 4
2.1、治疗方案的核心要素 4
2.2、药物选择与剂量调整 4
2.3、患者依从性的影响因素 5
第3章、临床疗效的观察与评估方法 6
3.1、疗效评估指标的选择 6
3.2、数据收集与统计分析方法 6
3.3、不良反应的监测与处理 7
第4章、规范化治疗的长期效果与展望 8
4.1、长期随访结果分析 8
4.2、影响疗效的关键因素探讨 8
4.3、改进措施与未来研究方向 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
