摘要
随着全球环境问题日益严峻，环保产品的开发与评价成为可持续发展的重要议题。本研究旨在构建一种基于生命周期评估（LCA）的环保产品评价方法，以全面量化产品在原材料获取、生产制造、使用阶段及废弃处理全生命周期中的环境影响。通过整合多维度环境指标体系，并引入改进的权重分配算法，该方法能够更准确地反映不同阶段的环境负担分布特征。研究选取典型环保产品作为案例，运用所提方法进行系统分析，结果表明该方法不仅能够有效识别关键环境影响环节，还能为优化产品设计和生产工艺提供科学依据。此外，本研究创新性地将社会经济因素纳入评价框架，从而实现了环境、经济和社会效益的综合考量。这一方法的提出显著提升了环保产品评价的科学性和可操作性，为政策制定者和企业提供了更为可靠的决策支持工具，同时对推动绿色消费和可持续生产具有重要实践意义。
关键词：生命周期评估；环保产品评价；权重分配算法；社会经济因素；绿色消费
Abstract
With the growing severity of global environmental issues, the development and evaluation of eco-friendly products have become crucial topics in sustainable development. This study aims to construct an evaluation method for eco-friendly products based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which quantifies environmental impacts comprehensively across all stages of a product's lifecycle, including raw material extraction, manufacturing, use, and end-of-life treatment. By integrating a multi-dimensional environmental indicator system and introducing an improved weight allocation algorithm, this method provides a more accurate reflection of the distribution characteristics of environmental burdens at different stages. A typical eco-friendly product was selected as a case study to apply the proposed method for systematic analysis. The results indicate that this approach not only effectively identifies key environmental impact phases but also offers a scientific basis for optimizing product design and manufacturing processes. Furthermore, this study innovatively incorporates socio-economic factors into the evaluation fr amework, achieving an integrated consideration of environmental, economic, and social benefits. The introduction of this method significantly enhances the scientific rigor and operability of eco-friendly product evaluations, providing policymakers and enterprises with a more reliable decision-support tool. Additionally, it holds important practical implications for promoting green consumption and sustainable production.
Keywords：Lifecycle Assessment; Environmental Product Evaluation; Weight Allocation Algorithm; Socioeconomic Factors; Green Consumption
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状分析 1
(三) 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
二、生命周期评估理论基础 2
(一) 生命周期评估的基本概念 2
(二) 生命周期评估的关键步骤 3
(三) 生命周期评估的数据需求与来源 3
(四) 生命周期评估的局限性与改进方向 4
三、环保产品评价指标体系构建 4
(一) 环保产品评价的核心维度 4
(二) 指标体系的设计原则与方法 5
(三) 关键评价指标的选择与权重分配 5
(四) 指标体系的验证与优化 6
四、基于生命周期评估的评价方法应用 6
(一) 方法框架的设计与实施 6
(二) 数据收集与处理的技术路径 7
(三) 实证案例分析与结果解读 7
(四) 方法的有效性与适用性讨论 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
